Fluorine containing coordination compounds of Cr(III)

Trans-[Cr(NH₃)₄F₂]I·H₂O (A) has monoclinic P2_l/m (No. 11) space group witha=5.033 (3),b=16.333 (10),c=5.539 (3) Å and =98.47 (3)°,Z=2.Cis-[Cr(NH₃)₄F₂]ClO₄ (B) has tetragonal space group I4_lmd (No. 109) witha=7.417 (1),c=16.610 (2) Å,Z=4. Cr–F and Cr–N bonding distances are 1.894 (3); 2.087 and 2.083 (5) Å for A and 1.887 (6); 2.062 (5) and 2.051 (7) Å for B. Octahedral angles within the cations are close to 90° for both compounds. Cr–N bondtrans to Cr–F bond in thecis compound is shorter. Structures were refined toR ₂ values of 0.072 (A) and 0.058 (B).Trans-[Cr(NH₃)₄F₂]I·H₂O has weak N–H–F hydrogen bonds between the cations. None such interactions were found incis-[Cr(NH₃)₄F₂]ClO₄.

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Fluorhältige Komplexe des Cr(III), 2. Mitt.: Kristall- und Molekülstruktur von trans-[Cr(NH₃)₄F₂]I·H₂O und cis-[Cr(NH₃)₄F₂]ClO₄

Zusammenfassung Trans-[Cr(NH₃)₄F₂]I·H₂O (A) kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe P2_l/m (No. 11) mitZ=2 unda=5,033 (3),b=16,333 (10),c=5,539 (3) Å und =98,47 (3)°.Cis-[Cr(NH₃)₄F₂]ClO₄ (B) kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe I4_lmd (No. 109) mitZ=4,a=7,417 (1) undc=16,610 (2) Å. Die Cr–F- und Cr–N-Abstände sind 1,894 (3); 2,087 (6), 2,083 (5) Å für A und 1,887 (6); 2,062 (5), 2,051 (7) Å für B. Die octaedrischen Bindungswinkel innerhalb der Kationen weichen nicht viel von 90° ab. Der Cr–N-Abstand intrans-Position der Cr–F-Bindung ist kürzer. Die Strukturen wurden bis zu GütefaktorenR ₂ 0,072 (A) und 0,058 (B) verfeinert. Bei der Verbindung A wurden schwache N–H ... F-Wasserstoff-Bindungen zwischen verschiedenen Kationen beobachtet, während bei der Verbindung B keine Wasserstoff-Bindungen vorhanden sind.

     

Asymptotics of decreasing solutions of coupled p-Laplacian systems in the framework of regular variation

Under the assumption that the coefficients are regularly varying functions, existence and asymptotic form of strongly decreasing solutions are here studied for a system of two coupled nonlinear second-order equations of Emden–Fowler type, satisfying a subhomogeneity condition. Several examples of application of the main result and a comparison with existing literature complete the paper.     

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Data on classification of spectra and energy levels of atoms of rare earth elements with unfilled 4f-shells have been collected, systematized and analyzed. A brief account is given of methods for determining transition probabilities and lifetimes of the excited states of atoms and ions. Oscillator strengths for spectral lines of Nd(I), Sm(I), Eu(I), Gd(I), Dy(I), Tm(I) and Yb(I) have been measured using Rojdestvensky's hook method. Lifetimes of some of the excited states of Eu(I), Yb(I) and Yb(II) have been determined by using simultaneously the methods of delayed coincidence, hooks, and total absorption. Our results have been compared with those of other investigators. Atoms with unfilled 4f-shells show some regularities.     

Crystal and molecular structure oftrans-ammonium-tetrachlorobis(4-methylpyridine) tungstate(III) tetrahydrate,NH4[WC14(C6H7N)2] ·4H2O

Trans-NH₄[WCl₄(C₆H₇N)₂]·4H₂O crystallizes from a solution oftrans-(C₆H₇NH) [WC1₄(C₆H₇N)₂] in aqueous ammonia. The compound is air sensitive and thermally unstable; space groupI4₁/amd (No. 141),a=18.215(5),c=14.160(3) Å, andZ=8. The structure was solved by the heavy-atom method and refined by least squares toR andR _w of 0.052 and 0.053, respectively. The unit cell contains two almost unrelated parts: the NH ₄ ⁺ and WC1₄(C₆H₇N) ₂ ^– are linked by electrostatic and hydrogen bonds, and the rest of the unit cell is filled with the four isolated (H₂O)₈ clusters ofD _2d symmetry. The O-O distances within the cluster are 2.72(2) and 2.86(2) Å; the anion is located on a symmetry center (C _2h symmetry). The W-C1 and W-N(4-methylpyridine) bonds are 2.427(6), 2.446(6), and 2.168(15) Å.     

Crystal and molecular structure of di(μ 3-oxo-tri-μ-oxotrichlorohexakis(pyridine)-triangulotritungsten(IV))hexatungstate(VI)-6-pyridine, [W3(O)O3Cl3(C5H5N)6]2W6O19·6C5H5N

[W₃(O)O₃Cl₃(C₅H₅N)₆]₂W₆O₁₉·6C₅H₅N, the side product of the reaction between WCl₄(C₅H₅N)₂ and pyridine, crystallizes in the rhombohedral space groupR¯3 (No. 148), witha=14.044(1) Å,=87.70(1)°, andZ=1. The structure was solved by the heavy-atom method, and refined to the unweighted and weighted residuals of 0.068 and 0.055, respectively. The tungsten atoms define an equilateral triangle with a capping and three bridging oxygen atoms. Two pyridines in thecis position and a chlorine atom form, together with the oxygens, a distorted octahedron around the tungsten atoms; three octahedra are connected through common edges. Important bond lengths are: W-W (single bond) 2.532(1), W-O (tricapped) 2.09(1), W-O (bridging) 1.92(1) and 1.94(1), W-C1 2.424(5), and W-N (pyridine) 2.23(1) and 2.26(1) Å. In W₆O ₁₉ ^2– , six WO₆ octahedra have one common central oxygen, twelve bridging and six terminal oxygen atoms. Corresponding W-O bond lengths are: 2.323(1) (central oxygen), from 1.90 to 1.94(1) (bridging oxygens), and 1.70(2) Å (terminal oxygens). Lattice pyridine molecules have no important contacts with either anion or cation.     

EPMA and Microstructural Characterization of Yttrium Doped BaTiO3 Ceramics

 Yttrium-doped BaTiO₃ ceramics have been studied as a potential material for positive temperature coefficient resistors (PTCR). The mechanism of Y incorporation into BaTiO₃ plays an important role for displaying good electrical properties. Determination of the amount of yttrium in the BaTiO₃ as well as microstructure characterization of the samples were performed using SEM, EDS and WDS analysis. An optimized trace element WDS quantitative analysis was applied to determine elemental concentrations for Ba, Ti and Y in the samples as accurately as possible. BaTiO₃ and Y₂O₃ were used as standards. Analysis was undertaken using a JEOL JXA 840A electron probe microanalyzer. WDS X-ray intensity measurements were performed under 20 kV, 50 nA beam current and 0.2% preset standard counting deviation (σ_c) using a PET crystal. Measured k-ratios were quantified by ZAF matrix correction. Average results of WDS quantitative analysis showed 20.17 ± 0.08 at % Ti, 19.95 ± 0.09 at % Ba, 0.22 ± 0.03 at % Y, and 59.66 at % O. The results suggest incorporation of yttrium in the BaTiO₃ preferentially at the Ba-sites, however partial incorporation of Y at Ti-sites could not be excluded.