全文获取类型
收费全文 | 118240篇 |
免费 | 19421篇 |
国内免费 | 10989篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 93830篇 |
晶体学 | 1201篇 |
力学 | 6091篇 |
综合类 | 857篇 |
数学 | 12568篇 |
物理学 | 34103篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 264篇 |
2023年 | 1590篇 |
2022年 | 2699篇 |
2021年 | 2997篇 |
2020年 | 3949篇 |
2019年 | 5120篇 |
2018年 | 3533篇 |
2017年 | 3066篇 |
2016年 | 6576篇 |
2015年 | 6893篇 |
2014年 | 7594篇 |
2013年 | 9620篇 |
2012年 | 9728篇 |
2011年 | 9254篇 |
2010年 | 7712篇 |
2009年 | 7652篇 |
2008年 | 7545篇 |
2007年 | 6462篇 |
2006年 | 5978篇 |
2005年 | 5495篇 |
2004年 | 4534篇 |
2003年 | 3772篇 |
2002年 | 4515篇 |
2001年 | 3540篇 |
2000年 | 3189篇 |
1999年 | 2302篇 |
1998年 | 1638篇 |
1997年 | 1362篇 |
1996年 | 1392篇 |
1995年 | 1180篇 |
1994年 | 1100篇 |
1993年 | 935篇 |
1992年 | 841篇 |
1991年 | 738篇 |
1990年 | 600篇 |
1989年 | 524篇 |
1988年 | 417篇 |
1987年 | 372篇 |
1986年 | 318篇 |
1985年 | 322篇 |
1984年 | 215篇 |
1983年 | 186篇 |
1982年 | 150篇 |
1981年 | 115篇 |
1980年 | 90篇 |
1978年 | 70篇 |
1977年 | 55篇 |
1976年 | 54篇 |
1975年 | 59篇 |
1973年 | 58篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
Chemical versus Electrochemical Synthesis of Carbon Nano‐onion/Polypyrrole Composites for Supercapacitor Electrodes 下载免费PDF全文
Olena Mykhailiv Monika Imierska Martyna Petelczyc Prof. Dr. Luis Echegoyen Dr. Marta E. Plonska‐Brzezinska 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(15):5783-5793
The development of high‐surface‐area carbon electrodes with a defined pore size distribution and the incorporation of pseudo‐active materials to optimize the overall capacitance and conductivity without destroying the stability are at present important research areas. Composite electrodes of carbon nano‐onions (CNOs) and polypyrrole (Ppy) were fabricated to improve the specific capacitance of a supercapacitor. The carbon nanostructures were uniformly coated with Ppy by chemical polymerization or by electrochemical potentiostatic deposition to form homogenous composites or bilayers. The materials were characterized by transmission‐ and scanning electron microscopy, differential thermogravimetric analyses, FTIR spectroscopy, piezoelectric microgravimetry, and cyclic voltammetry. The composites show higher mechanical and electrochemical stabilities, with high specific capacitances of up to about 800 F g?1 for the CNOs/SDS/Ppy composites (chemical synthesis) and about 1300 F g?1 for the CNOs/Ppy bilayer (electrochemical deposition). 相似文献
4.
Dr. Sabin Llona‐Minguez Dr. Matthieu Desroses Artin Ghassemian Dr. Sylvain A. Jacques Dr. Lars Eriksson Rebecka Isacksson Tobias Koolmeister Dr. Pål Stenmark Dr. Martin Scobie Prof. Thomas Helleday 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(20):7394-7398
A two‐step synthesis of structurally diverse pyrrole‐containing bicyclic systems is reported. ortho‐Nitro‐haloarenes coupled with vinylic N‐methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) boronates generate ortho‐vinyl‐nitroarenes, which undergo a “metal‐free” nitrene insertion, resulting in a new pyrrole ring. This novel synthetic approach has a wide substrate tolerance and it is applicable in the preparation of more complex “drug‐like” molecules. Interestingly, an ortho‐nitro‐allylarene derivative furnished a cyclic β‐aminophosphonate motif. 相似文献
5.
Interactions of Pt‐ttpy with G‐Quadruplexes Originating from Promoter Region of the c‐myc Gene Deciphered by NMR and Gel Electrophoresis Analysis 下载免费PDF全文
6.
Nanocomposite hydrogel consisting of Na‐montmorillonite with enhanced mechanical properties 下载免费PDF全文
Ting Li Shuangfei Xiang Piming Ma Huiyu Bai Weifu Dong Mingqing Chen 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2015,53(14):1020-1026
A new kind of nanocomposite (NC) hydrogel with Na‐montmorillonite (MMT) is presented in this article. The NC hydrogels were synthesized by free radical copolymerization of acrylamide and (3‐acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (ATC) in the presence of MMT and N,N′‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide used as chemical cross‐linker. Due to the cation‐exchange reaction between MMT and ATC (cationic monomer) during the synthesis of NC hydrogels, MMT platelets were considered chemical “plane” cross‐linkers, different from “point” cross‐linkers. With increasing amount of MMT, the crosslinking degree enhanced, causing a decrease of the swelling degree at equilibrium. Investigations of mechanical properties indicated that NC hydrogels exhibited enhanced strength and toughness, which resulted from chemical interaction between exfoliated MMT platelets and polymer chains in hydrogels. Dynamic shear measurements showed that both storage modulus and loss modulus increased with increasing MMT content. The idea described here provided a new route to prepare hydrogels with high mechanical properties by using alternative natural Na‐MMT. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 1020–1026 相似文献
7.
8.
Unsymmetrical Pyrene‐Fused Phthalocyanine Derivatives: Synthesis,Structure, and Properties 下载免费PDF全文
Houhe Pan Chao Chen Kang Wang Prof. Dr. Wenjun Li Prof. Dr. Jianzhuang Jiang 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(8):3168-3173
Novel pyrene‐fused unsymmetrical phthalocyanine derivatives 2,3,9,10,16,17‐hexakis(2,6‐dimethylphenoxy)‐22,25‐diaza(2,7‐di‐tert‐butylpyrene)[4,5]phthalocyaninato zinc complex Zn[Pc(Pz‐pyrene)(OC8H9)6] ( 1 ) and 2,3,9,10‐tra(2,6‐dimethylphenoxy)‐15,18,22,25‐traza(2,7‐di‐tert‐butylpyrene)[4,5]phthalocyaninato zinc compound Zn[Pc(Pz‐pyrene)2(OC8H9)4] ( 2 ) were isolated for the first time. These unsymmetrical pyrene‐fused phthalocyanine derivatives have been characterized by a wide range of spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. In particular, the pyrene‐fused phthalocyanine structure was unambiguously revealed on the basis of single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis of 1 , representing the first structurally characterized phthalocyanine derivative fused with an aromatic moiety larger than benzene. 相似文献
9.
Pd0‐Catalyzed Intramolecular α‐Arylation of Sulfones: Domino Reactions in the Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydroisoquinolines 下载免费PDF全文
Prof.Dr. Daniel Solé Ferran Pérez‐Janer Dr. Raffaella Mancuso 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(12):4580-4584
A new strategy for the synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinolines based on the Pd0‐catalyzed intramolecular α‐arylation of sulfones is reported. The combination of this Pd‐catalyzed reaction with intermolecular Michael and aza‐Michael reactions allows the development of two‐ and three‐step domino processes to synthesize diversely functionalized scaffolds from readily available starting materials. 相似文献
10.