Microenvironment Effects in Electrocatalysis: Ionic‐Liquid‐Like Coating on Carbon Nanotubes Enhances the Pd‐Electrocatalytic Alcohol Oxidation

A new catalyst consisting of ionic liquid (IL)‐functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) obtained through 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition support‐enhanced electrocatalytic Pd nanoparticles (Pd@IL(Cl^?)‐CNTs) was successfully fabricated and applied in direct ethanol alkaline fuel cells. The morphology, structure, component and stability of Pd@IL(Cl^?)‐CNTs were systematic characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The new catalyst exhibited higher electrocatalytic activity, better tolerance and electrochemical stability than the Pd nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on CNTs (Pd@CNTs), which was ascribed to the effects of the IL, larger electrochemically active surface area (ECSA), and greater processing performance. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) at various scan rates illustrated that the oxidation behaviors of ethanol at all electrodes were controlled by diffusion processes. The investigation of the different counteranions demonstrated that the performance of the IL‐CNTs hybrid material was profoundly influenced by the subtly varied structures of the IL moiety. All the results indicated that the Pd@IL(Cl^?)‐CNTs catalyst is an efficient anode catalyst, which has potential applications in direct ethanol fuel cells and the strategy of IL functionalization of CNTs could be available to prepare other carbonaceous carrier supports to enhance the dispersivity, stability, and catalytic performance of metal NPs as well.     

An economic evaluation model of supply chain flexibility

With the advent of the supply chain management concepts, business communities have been realizing that being competitive as a single company is no longer adequate; instead, competitiveness requires consideration of all channels in the supply chain. Despite its importance, the availability of the literature addressing supply chain flexibility is still limited to date. Although relationships between various types of flexibilities have been established, the degree to which one type of flexibility affects the other types and the system performance remains to be investigated. In particular, there is a lack of rigorous analytical models elucidating the relationships between the degree of flexibility in a system and the system level of performance. In this paper, a supply chain flexibility model is developed comprising labor flexibility, machine flexibility, routing flexibility, and information technology, with total system flexibility measured by an economic index. Outputs from the model can assist in making suitable production decisions to produce multiple products under an uncertain environment. Example solutions are given. This paper can help economic evaluation when supply chain flexibility and the factors affecting flexibility are to be improved. It can also assist in making supply chain flexibility-promotion decisions.     

可扩展的冲击—接触并行计算研究

冲击—接触计算模型在汽车碰撞、金属成型等的模拟计算中有着广泛的应用，鉴于冲击—接触计算过程复杂和计算量大，本文在分布式可扩展的并行计算平台上，设计并实现了冲击—接触的并行计算。算例证明，计算平台稳定可靠，算法简单实用，且具有较好的并行效率和可扩展性。     

A SMOOTH C1 INTERPOLATION FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL CONTACT PROBLEMS USING PARAMETRIC CURVE TECHNIQUE

A smooth C1 interpolation for two-dimensional contact problems using paxametric curve technique was developed and implemented. The parametric curve can ensure C1 continuity of the contact surfaces and provide a unique surface normal vector. Some numerical examples were used to illustrate the advantages of the newly developed representation of contact surface. The results reveal a significant improvement in the prediction of contact stresses and contactarea. The predicted contact stresses are less sensitive to the mismatch in meshes of the different contacting bodies.     

Editorial to the Special Issue: Modeling and Characterization of Low Permeability (Tight) and Nanoporous Reservoirs

Transport in Porous Media -     

燃焰法沉积高品质透明金刚石薄膜的研究

采用燃焰法在大气环境下以30μm/h的较高速率沉积出了均匀、优质、透明的金刚石薄膜.实验结果表明,较高的V(O2)/V(C2H2)和适中的基体温度是获得高品质金刚石薄膜的基本条件;提高反应气体中氧气浓度,可使沉积高品质透明金刚石薄膜的基体温度范围变宽.     

结构可靠性仿真方法研究简

可靠性仿真是对复杂结构系统进行可靠性分析计算最为有效的方法,引起了研究者越来越广泛的关注. 综合目前结构可靠性仿真方法研究现状,介绍了蒙特卡罗（Monte-Carlo,MC）法、极限状态方程重构法、随机有限元法（stochastic finite element method,SFEM）进行结构可靠性仿真计算的特点及发展现状,归纳了固体火箭发动机（solid rocket motor,SRM）结构可靠性的特点及当前进行仿真的方法;并在此基础上分析了目前结构可靠性仿真方法及对SRM 结构可靠性进行仿真分析计算时存在的不足及需要进一步研究的内容.     

3～4μm光参量振荡器中双轴晶体计算的新方法

提出了一种光参量振荡器(OPO)中基于调谐范围中心波长处满足相位匹配条件的KTP晶体计算的新方法;该方法通过求出的相位匹配点对有效非线性系数进行数值计算,找出有效非线性系数的最大值,从而求出该点对应的相位角θ和方位角φ,确定出晶体的切割角.     

铅(Ⅱ)-碘化钾-丁基罗丹明B-阿拉伯胶-TritonX-100体系分光光度法测定痕量铅

本文研究结果表明,水溶性大分子化合物阿拉伯胶和非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100共同存在下,铅碘络阴离子和丁基罗丹明B的显色反应具有很高的灵敏度,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=6.2×10~5L.mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。拟定了用本法测定金属及其合金、工业废水中痕量铅的分析步骤,测定结果较满意。     

大功率激光二极管与多模光纤耦合效率分析

提出了一种用于大功率激光二极管与多模光纤耦合的新颖的铲形整形系统，详细分析了铲形光纤端头不同的切割角度、切割深度以及耦合距离对激光二极管与铲形光纤耦合效率的影响。提出了一种计算该系统耦合效率的方法，同时给出了耦合效率的计算实例，得出了可以最大程度地提高铲形耦合头作用的优化参量。