A reciprocity law for certain Frobenius extensions

Let be a finite Galois extension of algebraic number fields with Galois group . Assume that is a Frobenius group and is a Frobenius complement of . Let be the maximal normal nilpotent subgroup of . If is nilpotent, then every Artin L-function attached to an irreducible representation of arises from an automorphic representation over , i.e., the Langlands' reciprocity conjecture is true for such Galois extensions.

     

Leveraging Material Properties in Fluorescence Anion Sensor Arrays: A General Approach

As the demand for probes suitable for sensor development increases, investigation of approaches that utilize known successful receptors gains in general importance. This study describes a two‐prong approach that can be used as a guide to developing sensors from known receptors. First, the conversion of a simple receptor, calix[4]pyrrole, into a fluorescent probe to establish a ratiometric signal is described. Secondly, the sensors that employ an output from a single ratiometric calix[4]pyrrole probe are fabricated by using poly(ether‐urethane) hydrogel copolymers. These hydrogels are designed to absorb, internalize and transport aqueous electrolytes. A sensor array of ten different poly(ether‐urethane) matrices with varying comonomer proportions were doped with a single probe and were exposed to eight different anions: acetate, benzoate, fluoride, chloride, phosphate, pyrophosphate, hydrogen sulfide, and cyanide, eight urine samples and anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The poly(ether‐urethane) matrices comprise different proportions of anion‐binding urethane moieties and different hydrophilicity given by the ratio between ethylene glycol ether and butylene glycol ether. This diversity in the hydration behavior provides different environment polarity, in which the recognition and self‐assembly processes display enough diverse behavior to allow for unique response of the probe to the analytes. Furthermore, a single probe is shown to recognize eight different aqueous anions and eight urine samples when embedded in ten different polyurethanes in an array that displays 100 % classification accuracy. To demonstrate the potential of the concept for quantitative studies, an estimation of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs ibuprofen and diclofenac in water and in saliva was performed. A limit of detection of 0.1 ppm and a dynamic range of 0.1–0.6 and 0.05–60 ppm was observed, respectively. Given the general difficulty of chemosensors to recognize aqueous anions, the fact that one probe recognizes eight different analytes attests to an enormous effect of the polymer environment on the recognition process. This method could be used to generate a variety of sensor arrays for various analyses including species that are difficult to recognize, such as small‐molecule‐ and inorganic anions.     

Urea Detection of Electrochemical Transistor Sensors based on Polyanline (PANI)/MWCNT/Cotton Yarns

A cotton yarn biosensor based on electrochemical transistor functionalized with MWCNT and PANI was developed for the detection of urea. The transistors based on PANI/MWCNT/cotton yarns under optimized MWCNT concentration has been obtained, which exhibited high on/off current ratio, fast response time, and good operational stability. A transistor-based urea sensor was prepared from PANI/MWCNT/cotton yarns, which could monitor urea in the 1 nM–1 mM linear range with the correlation coefficient of 0.9716. Furthermore, the sensor showed superior reproducibility and high specificity. The practical applications of the proposed sensor were also confirmed. These results indicate the flexible transistor can be used as an efficient platform for biological detection in body fluids.     

Surface properties and doxorubicin delivery in mixed systems comprising a natural rosin-based ester tertiary amine and an anionic surfactant

A rosin-based ester tertiary amine salt (RETAS) cationic surfactant was obtained using natural rosin as raw material. GC-MS of RETAS was detailed analyzed. The pH-responsive mechanism of rosin-based ester tertiary amine (RETA) and RETAS was confirmed by applying theoretical calculations about electrostatic potential maps of RETA and RETAS cation using Gaussian software. Mixed system surfactants were obtained by blending RETAS cationic surfactant with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) anionic surfactant. The binary mixed surfactant systems of RETAS and SDBS had obvious synergistic effect. The γ_cmc and CMC were 39.40?mN/m and 0.56?mmol/L at the optimum molar fraction of RETAS (α)?=?0.6, respectively. The stability time of emulsion with the optimum mixed system as emulsifier increased to 309?s at α?=?0.6. The emulsifying capacity of RETAS was much better than that of RETA. RETAS had pH-responsive targeted release and the optimum mixed system showed a relatively sustained drug release by using doxorubicin (DOX) as a model drug. These results indicate that RETAS surfactant and mixed system surfactant are both promising for applications in drug delivery and emulsification.     

Influence of heat treatment of rayon-based activated carbon fibers on the adsorption of formaldehyde

The influence of heat treatment of rayon-based activated carbon fibers on the adsorption behavior of formaldehyde was studied. Heat treatment in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen for rayon-based activated carbon fibers (ACFs) resulted in a significant increase in the adsorption capacities and prolongation of breakthrough time on removing of formaldehyde. The effect of different heat-treatment conditions on the adsorption characteristics was investigated. The porous structure parameters of the samples under study were investigated using nitrogen adsorption at the low temperature 77.4 K. The pore size distributions of the samples under study were calculated by density functional theory. With the aid of these analyses, the relationship between structure and adsorption properties of rayon-based ACFs for removing formaldehyde was revealed. Improvement of their performance in terms of adsorption selectivity and adsorption rate for formaldehyde were achieved by heat post-treatment in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen.     

Testifying experiment of the multi-pulse phenomena of capillary discharge soft-X-ray laser

In a capillary discharge experiment for the neon-like argon lasing, we have proposed an experimental scheme to verify that the multi-spike of X-ray diode (XRD) signal is a multi-pulse laser or is a reflection of the laser pulse in the XRD.The ceramic capillary has an inner diameter of 3mm and a length of 200mm.At the gas pressure of 28Pa and discharge current of 27kA, stable lasing has been realized.The experimental results prove that the multi-spike of XRD signal is a reflection of the electromagnetic signal produced by the laser pulse in the XRD.The improved electrocircuit scheme of the XRD to minimize the reflection phenomena is also found.     

Direct synthesis and aqueous solution properties of Y-shaped, stimulus-responsive block copolymer surfactants

We report the direct synthesis of a wide range of well-defined, Y-shaped stimulus-responsive block copolymers under mild conditions; the aqueous solution behaviour of these new polymeric surfactants has been investigated.     

Cysteamine monolayer inducing the formation of platinum nanoclusters for methanol electrocatalytic oxidation

Platinum nanoclusters (Pt-NCs) were synthesized on the surface of a gold electrode that was modified with cysteamine to form a kind of self-assembled monolayer via in-situ cyclic voltammetry (CV). Scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and CV were used to characterize the properties of the electrode. The Cys monolayer induces the aggregation of platinum nanoparticles due to electrostatic interaction between the positive amino groups of the cystein monolayer and the negative charge of the hexachloroplatinate ions and causes the formation of Pt-NCs on the surface of the electrode. The resulting electrode exhibits high elecrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of methanol.     

Determination of uric acid in human urine by capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect laser-induced fluorescence detection

A CZE with indirect LIF detection method was used for the determination of uric acid (UA) in human urine. UA and its coexisting analytes (i.e. hypoxanthine, xanthine and ascorbic acid) could be well separated within 4.5?min at a voltage of 25?kV with 25°C cartridge temperature in a running buffer composed of 5?mM sodium borate, 10% methanol (v/v) and 0.3?μM fluorescein sodium (apparent pH of the final mixed hydro-organic solution of sodium borate, methanol and fluorescein is 9.5). Under the optimum condition, the method has good linearity relationships (correlation coefficients: 0.9973-0.9987) with ranges of 25-500, 25-350, 25-250 and 25-300?μg/mL for hypoxanthine, ascorbic acid, xanthine and UA, respectively. The detection limits for the analytes were in the range of 0.29-0.90?μg/mL. The intra-day RSD values for migration times and peak areas were less than 0.43 and 3.27%, respectively. This method was applied to the quantitation of UA in human urine with recoveries in the range of 93.1-107.3%.