A thermal stable cathode buffer based on an inexpensive tetranuclear zinc(II) complex for organic photovoltaic devices

An inexpensive material,i.e.,tetranuclear zinc(Ⅱ) complex,(Zn4O(AID)6) [AID = 7-azaindolate],was utilized as a cathode buffer in organic photovoltaic(OPV) devices,leading to the improvement of device performance.Compared to OPV devices based on a conventional cathode buffer of TPBi(1,3,5-tris(2-N-phenylbenzimidazolyl)benzene),although the freshly prepared devices showed similar performance,when heated to a series of high temperatures under air,the short circuit current and the open circuit voltage of the Zn4O(AID)6 devices dropped more slowly,indicating the superiority of using Zn4O(AID)6 as a cathode buffer over TPBi in OPV devices.     

超高效液相色谱/串联质谱法同时测定水、土壤及粪便中25种抗生素

本研究通过超声提取-固相萃取,建立了利用超高效液相色谱/串联质谱同时分析粪便、土壤和水体中25种兽药抗生素的方法,考察了串联SAX小柱对土壤样品和粪便样品的净化效果,以及正己烷提取对粪便样品提取液脱脂的净化效果。实验结果表明:本方法对25种兽药抗生素加标回收率为50.0%~121.9%,相对标准偏差为1.1%~14.7%(n=9);土壤和粪便的方法检出限为0.0002~0.0560μg/kg,水体的方法检出限为0.002~0.28 ng/L;串联SAX强阴离子交换柱后,土壤样品的基质效应降低为75%~160%之间,粪便样品降低为55%~120%之间;粪便样品经正己烷脱脂后,基质效降为55%~120%之间。已将本方法应用于养殖场周边环境介质的检测。     

Organic thin-film solar cells: Devices and materials

In recent years, the performance of organic thin-film solar cells has gained rapid progress, of which the power conversion efficiencies (ηp) of 3%-5% are commonly achieved, which were difficult to obtain years ago and are improving steadily now. The ηp of 7.4% was achieved in the year 2010, and ηp of 9.2% was disclosed and confirmed at website of Mitsubishi Chemical in April, 2011. The promising future is that the ηp of 10% is achievable according to simulation results. Apparently, these are attributed to material innovations, new device structures, and also the better understanding of device physics. This article summarizes recent progress in organic thin-film solar cells related to materials, device structures and working principles. In the device functioning part, after each brief summary of the working principle, the methods for improvements, such as absorption increment, organic/electrode interface engineering, morphological issues, are addressed and summarized accordingly. In addition, for the purpose of increasing exciton diffusion efficiency, the benefit from triplet exciton, which has been proposed in recent years, is highlighted. In the active material parts, the chemical nature of materials and its impact on device performance are discussed. Particularly, emphasis is given toward the insight for better understanding device physics as well as improvements in device performance either by development of new materials or by new device architecture.