A special anisotropic model of the universe (II)

By means of exponential laws we show a Bianchi Type I model of the universe where we define overall deceleration and Hubble's parameters that have constant values. We employ a convenient relation for defining the radius of the universe. Pressure and density have constant values, too.     

Kinetics and mechanism of silver(I)-catalysed oxidation of malonic acid by peroxodiphosphate in acetate buffers

Summary The kinetics of the silver(I)-catalysed oxidation of malonic acid by peroxodiphosphate (pdp) was studied in acetate buffers. The rate law as represented by-d[pdp]/dt = {(k ₁ K _inf2 ^sup-1 [H⁺]² + k ₂[H⁺] + k ₃ K ₃)/ ([H⁺]²/K ₂ + [H⁺] + K ₃)}[pdp][Ag(I)] conforms to the proposed mechanism. The rate is independent of malonic acid concentrations. Acetate ions do not affect the rate; however, the rate decreases as the ionic strength increases. A probable portrait of reaction events is suggested. A comparative analysis of the reactivity pattern of malonic acid towards peroxodiphosphate and peroxodisulphate in presence of silver(I) has been made.     

Polymerization of methyl methacrylate using isatoic anhydride–bromine donor–acceptor complex as the photoinitiator

Isatoic anhydride (IA) alone did not initiate photopolymerization of methyl metacrylate (MMA) at 40°C when exposed to visible light for about 180 min. But IA, when used in combination with bromine (Br₂) as the initiator, initiated the photopolymerization of MMA readily under the same conditions. This behavior was explained by the formation of a donor-acceptor type of complex between IA and Br₂ in the presence of MMA. The polymerization was found to proceed via a free radical mechanism and the radical generation process was considered to follow an initial complexation reaction between the initiator components and monomer. The complex initiator showed nonideal kinetics for the present system (initiator exponent < 0.5) and was analyzed. The monomer exponents varied from 0.83 to 1.15 normally depending on the nature of solvent used. Initiator-dependent chain termination was significant as well as the bimolecular mode of chain termination. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A Note on Pointwise Well-Posedness of Set-Valued Optimization Problems

Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications - Well-posedness for optimization problems is a well-known notion and has been studied extensively for scalar, vector, and set-valued optimization...     

Alkylation of Ethanolamines: An Approach to a Novel Class of Functional Surfactants

Some monomeric and dimeric surfactants with functional head groups have been synthesized from di- and triethanolamine synthons. The treatment of alkyl bromide with triethanolamine resulted in simultaneous N-alkylation and O-alkylation products. However, with diethanolamine, N-alkylated products were obtained, which were further used to synthesize various double-tailed surfactants and gemini surfactants.     

Green Oxidation of Methylarenes to Benzoic Acids with Bromide/Bromate in Water

An efficient and convenient procedure has been developed for the oxidation of methylarenes to the corresponding benzoic acids using a bromide/bromate-based reagent system in water. Regeneration and reusability of the bromide/bromate reagent is demonstrated.     

Total Syntheses of 11-Acetoxy-4-deoxyasbestinin D, 4-Deoxyasbestinin C,Asbestinin-10, -20, -21 and -23

Six members of the asbestinin family of marine diterpene natural products have been synthesized in an efficient and stereoselective manner from a single oxa-bridged intermediate. Five of these natural products have not been synthesized previously and the structures of four of them have been confirmed as those proposed originally or following revisions to the original structures. The fifth natural product—asbestinin-21—has been shown to be a diastereomer of the compound that had been proposed previously.