纤维素基磁性聚偕氨肟树脂吸附Mn（Ⅶ）

用酸处理的纤维素基磁性聚偕氨肟树脂（AMAO）在溶液中吸附KMnO4，发生氧化还原反应的几率在2％以下；用碱处理的树脂（BMAO）作吸附剂，KMnO4还原为Mn（OH）4的比例剧增，达到或超过10％，并且与溶液的pH有关。但是，Mn（Ⅶ）被还原为Mn（Ⅳ）的量基本上不受KMnO4起始浓度、吸附剂添加量和吸附时间变化的影响。BMAO树脂吸附KMnO4的量是树脂偕氨肟基含量的5倍以上。超当量吸附现象反映了物理吸附的本质。     

Single-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Biochar from H3PO4-Activated Lettuce Waste for Efficient Adsorption of Cd(II) in Aqueous Solution

Developing an ideal and cheap adsorbent for adsorbing heavy metals from aqueous solution has been urgently need. In this study, a novel, effective and low-cost method was developed to prepare the biochar from lettuce waste with H₃PO₄ as an acidic activation agent at a low-temperature (circa 200 °C) hydrothermal carbonization process. A batch adsorption experiment demonstrated that the biochar reaches the adsorption equilibrium within 30 min, and the optimal adsorption capacity of Cd(II) is 195.8 mg∙g⁻¹ at solution pH 6.0, which is significantly improved from circa 20.5 mg∙g⁻¹ of the original biochar without activator. The fitting results of the prepared biochar adsorption data conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (PSO) and the Sips isotherm model, and the Cd(II) adsorption is a spontaneous and exothermic process. The hypothetical adsorption mechanism is mainly composed of ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, and surface complexation. This work offers a novel and low-temperature strategy to produce cheap and promising carbon-based adsorbents from organic vegetation wastes for removing heavy metals in aquatic environment efficiently.     

配合物Bi[S2P（OC6H4But-p）2]3的合成和晶体结构

合成了配合物Bi[S2P(OC6H4But-p)2]3,通过元素分析、红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、热重分析和X-射线衍射法进行了结构表征。该晶体属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群;晶胞参数为:a=30.907(5),b=12.7421(9),c=20.287(2),α=90.00°,β=120.925(18)°,γ=90.00°,V=6853.7(19)3,Dc=1.338g/cm3,Z=4,F(000)=2804,μ(Mo Kα)=2.869mm-1,S=1.062,(Δ/σ)max=0.001,R1=0.0621,wR2=0.1906(I>2σ(I))。晶体结构研究表明,配合物中的(p-ButC6H4O)2PS2-为双齿配体,Bi(III)原子与3个配体(p-ButC6H4O)2PS2-的6个S原子配位形成了畸变八面体构型,分子通过C3—H3…O3氢键形成了一维链状结构。     

Photocatalytic removal of tetracycline by a Z-scheme heterojunction of bismuth oxyiodide/exfoliated g-C3N4: performance,mechanism, and degradation pathway

Antibiotics, once being released into the environment, become recalcitrant organic pollutants, which pose a potential risk to ecological balance and human health. In this study, a Z-scheme heterojunction of bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI)/exfoliated g-C₃N₄ (BiOI/ECN hereafter) was synthesized by the combination of thermal exfoliation of g-C₃N₄ and chemical precipitation of BiOI for efficient photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline in aqueous solutions under visible light irradiation. The optimized BiOI/ECN delivered an outstanding degradation rate at circa 0.0705 min^?1, which was 10 times higher than that of the bulk g-C₃N₄. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of tetracycline remained almost unchanged in a pH range of 3–11, and the BiOI/ECN displayed an excellent photostability upon recycled usage. The photocatalytic mechanism of tetracycline was ascribed to the main reactive oxidation species of photogenerated holes and superoxide radicals. In addition, the possible degradation pathways of tetracycline were investigated by HPLC-MS to identify intermediates. The toxicity of photocatalytic-generated intermediates of tetracycline was found significantly alleviated according to the calculation of quantitative structure–activity relationship prediction. This work not only provides an attractive photocatalyst for the removal of tetracycline but also opens a new avenue for rational design of Z-scheme heterojunction composites for tetracycline degradation.     

Simultaneous photocatalytic oxidation and adsorption for efficient As(III) removal by magnetic BiOI/γ-Fe2O3 core–shell nanoparticles

Addressing arsenite pollution in groundwater has drawn great attention. It is attractive to pre-oxidize highly mobile As(III) to relatively low-toxic As(V) with a subsequent adsorption separation process. Herein, BiOI anchoring on γ-Fe₂O₃ is performed to synthesize BiOI/γ-Fe₂O₃ core–shell nanoparticles for efficient removal of As(III) via a simultaneous photocatalytic oxidization–adsorption process. The physical and chemical structures of BiOI/γ-Fe₂O₃ are investigated by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction measurements. The photoluminescence and electron spin resonance (ESR) characterization were employed to ascertain the possible reaction mechanism of visible-light-driven photocatalytic oxidation of As(III). Such BiOI/γ-Fe₂O₃ delivers a superior As(III) removal capability under visible light irradiation with an arsenic removal efficiency of 99.8% within 180 min, higher than those of BiOCl/γ-Fe₂O₃ (81.7%) and BiOBr/γ-Fe₂O₃ (98.9%). The optimal BiOI/γ-Fe₂O₃ (molar ratio of 2:1) is obtained by rationally adjusting the molar ratio of BiOI to γ-Fe₂O₃. The as-synthesized BiOI/γ-Fe₂O₃ performs well in a wide pH range of 2–8. Only coexisting PO₄^3? anions have a significant effect on the As(III) removal. The free radical trapping experiment and ESR results demonstrate that the ?O₂^? and h⁺ are the main active substances for the photocatalytic oxidation of As(III) on BiOI/γ-Fe₂O₃. This work not only gives a novel magnetic core–shell nanoparticle photocatalyst for efficient photocatalytic oxidation and adsorption of As(III) but also offers a new strategy to rationally design BiOX for its related practical applications.     

Azido chelating fiber: synthesis,characterization and adsorption performances towards Hg2+ and Pb2+ from water

Herein, we report the synthesis and adsorption property of a novel chelating fiber containing azido group. Firstly, the brominated fiber (PP‐St‐DVB‐Br) was obtained via the reaction of polypropylene‐(g)‐styrene‐divinylbenzene fiber (PP‐St‐DVB) with bromine in CH₂Cl₂ solution. Then, azido chelating fiber (PP‐St‐DVB‐N₃) was prepared by azidation of PP‐St‐DVB‐Br fiber. Its structure and properties were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and chemical titration, respectively. The micromophology and functional group distribution in fibrous matrix were investigated by scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that the chelating fiber has high functional group contents (2.11 mmol/g for PP‐St‐DVB‐N₃) and uniform distribution. Different from granulate chelating resin, the novel fibrous adsorbent possesses excellent adsorption ability for Hg(II) and Pb(II) ions (408.9 mg/g for Hg²⁺ and 334.4 mg/g for Pb²⁺), and the adsorption capacity of the fiber has no loss until five cycles. The novel absorbent material shows the potential application prospect in the treatment of heavy metal wastewater. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Comparative Toxicity Study of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Suspension and Adherent Culture Under the Dark Condition

The present study focused on the different acute toxicity of TiO₂ nanoparticles(TiO₂ NPs) towards the bacteria in suspension culture and adherent culture under the dark conditions. The study investigated the bacteria toxicity with TiO₂ NPs at different concentrations(1—2000 mg/L), sizes(10 nm, 35 nm) and specific surface areas in unit volume solution(0—224 m²/L) characterized by the cell viability, extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) release and biofilm formation. The bacteria in adherent culture was found to be more resistant against the toxicity of TiO₂ NPs compared to that in suspension culture. An NP dose and surface area dependent(rather than the size) bacterial viability was observed in suspension culture, specifically the surface area positively correlated with the toxicity of TiO₂ NPs. The size of TiO₂ NPs, however, played a more critical role in toxicity of TiO₂ NPs in adherent culture. Therefore, the surface area dependent toxicity of TiO₂ NPs is a comprehensive parameter describing the dose and size dependent toxicity of TiO₂ NPs. The electron microscopic(SEM, TEM, EDX) observations suggested the EPS release and biofilm formation, during aggregation of TiO₂ NPs on the bacteria after 12 h cultivation in adherent culture under the dark condition. A possible toxic mechanism could be that “effective surface areas” that directly contact with the bacterial membrane greatly contributed to the toxicity of TiO₂ NPs in both suspension culture and adherent culture. Therefore, as for the possible resistance mechanism, EPS secretion and subsequent biofilm formation may protect the bacteria against the toxicity of TiO₂ NPs.     

水相Reformatsky反应研究进展

近30年来,在水介质中形成碳-碳键一直是有机合成的研究热点.本文综述了水相中Reformatsky反应的研究进展,并对反应机理和应用作了简要的阐述.     

含呋喃共轭桥有机非线性光学生色团的合成及性能研究

通过两次羟醛缩合反应合成了一种含呋喃共轭桥的有机非线性光学生色团分子2-二氰亚甲基-3-氰基-4-[2-(4-二乙氨基-苯乙烯基-呋喃基-5)-乙烯基]-5,5-二甲基-2,5-二氢呋喃(EFFC), 用IR谱、¹H NMR谱以及元素分析表征确认了其结构. 热失重分析表明, 材料的热分解温度T_d为250℃. 用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法在6-31G基组下对这种生色团分子进行了结构优化, 并在相同基组下对分子的静态二阶极化率进行了计算, 分子的b₀=6.5×10^-28 esu. 将分子以18%的质量比与聚砜进行主-客体掺杂, 用溶胶凝胶法制备成膜后进行极化, 用二次谐波法对掺杂极化聚合物薄膜的电光系数进行测量, 其r₃₃值最高达到80 pm/V.