环境友好助洗剂——4A沸石

介绍了4A沸石的结构、性质及其作为洗涤助剂等方面的应用和国内外发展状况。     

3000A液态下阴极电解制备稀土金属关键技术研究

设计了一台3000A液态下阴极电解槽,阴极为轧制钨板设置在槽底部,电解过程中阴极表面形成一层金属液而充当液态阴极作用,继续析出的金属流入坩埚中,阳极为方块状石墨块,由导杆悬挂于可升降的水平导电母线上,阴极处于阳极投影下方,阴阳极之间水平平行布置.在此设计的电解槽上进行金属钕的电解试验,电解槽稳定运行,电解槽电压与传统上插阴阳极式电解槽相比,槽电压大幅降低至6V以内,电流效率达到80％以上,本文还考察了该电解槽的电压分布情况、电流电压曲线、电解槽的热场分布情况.     

NdF3-LiF-Nd2O3熔盐体系中下阴极电解金属钕研究

设计了下阴极结构的稀土金属电解槽,该电解槽底部以钨材料为容器兼阴极,上部悬挂多块石墨作阳极,在NdF3·LiF-Nd2O3体系中,探索研究了液态下阴极电解制备金属钕的工艺技术条件.研究表明,在槽温990～1020℃,阴极电流密度1～3 A·cm-2.槽电压5.6 V条件下,电解可平稳进行,电流效率达65.64%,稀土回收率达88%～92%;该工艺与目前主流上插阴极电解工艺相比,其电解温度和槽电压明显降低,降低了电耗.     

以时温等效方法研究尼龙1010应力松弛行为及使用寿命预测

以尼龙材料的应力松弛行为作为研究对象, 考察初始应变为1.0%, 2.8%和5.1%的尼龙1010样品在温度区间293353 K的松弛曲线, 采用时间-温度等效叠加方法得到了松弛模量主曲线, 计算出叠加过程中的表观活化能、 松弛过程中的活化体积和应力辅助功. 结果表明, 整个松弛过程中的表观活化能和应力辅助功表现出相同的变化趋势, 体现出松弛过程中克服运动单元位垒的过程. 当293323 K区间的松弛曲线叠加时, 随着初始应变的增加, 表观活化能和应力辅助功均逐渐降低, 有助于聚合物内部的运动单元越过能垒发生松弛, 与松弛过程中的应力辅助热活化理论相一致; 当333353 K区间的松弛曲线叠加时, 不同初始应变样品的表观活化能均为260 kJ/mol, 应力辅助功均为60 MPa·nm³, 说明松弛过程中克服运动单元的能垒与应力作用无关. 根据松弛主曲线, 计算出了尼龙1010在1.0%, 2.8%和5.1% 3种形变下, 长时间范围内应力衰减与时间的关系, 为预测实际使用过程中的应力松弛行为提供了依据.     

Parareal Algorithms Applied to Stochastic Differential Equations with Conserved Quantities

In this paper, we couple the parareal algorithm with projection methods of the trajectory on a specific manifold, defined by the preservation of some conserved quantities of stochastic differential equations. First, projection methods are introduced as the coarse and fine propagators. Second, we apply the projection methods for systems with conserved quantities in the correction step of original parareal algorithm. Finally, three numerical experiments are performed by different kinds of algorithms to show the property of convergence in iteration, and preservation in conserved quantities of model systems.     

Re‐evaluation of distillation and comparison with HNO3 leaching/solvent extraction for isolation of methylmercury compounds from sediment/soil samples

Distillation was re‐evaluated for the formation of artifacts arising from increasing naturally occurring mercury(II) concentrations, as opposed to previous identification of artifacts by spiking standard mercury(II) into samples. Naturally occurring mercury(II) concentrations lower than 2 µg g^?1 were found not to affect methylmercury (MeHg) results. However, when the natural concentrations of mercury(II) were greater than 2 µg g^?1, in contrast to standard mercury(II) spiked in samples, the MeHg concentrations measured were found to decrease (not increase) with increasing naturally occurring mercury(II) concentrations. This indicated that standard mercury(II) spiked in samples behaved differently from naturally occurring mercury(II) in the formation of MeHg artifacts during distillation. As a result, spiking standard mercury(II) into samples to identify the formation of MeHg artifacts is not adequate. It is difficult to explain why high naturally occurring mercury(II) suppresses MeHg measurements during distillation. In comparison with HNO₃ leaching/solvent extraction (and other existing techniques), distillation was found to generate results comparable for samples containing less than 2 µg g^?1 mercury(II). The HNO₃ leaching/solvent extraction showed significant advantages over other procedures, as this technique generated the highest recoveries with good precision for all samples analyzed, and the results were found to be independent of mercury(II) concentrations for both naturally occurring and spiked standard mercury(II). Thus, except for samples from high mercury‐contaminated fields, distillation is still a good choice. Both the positive bias (possibly caused by artifact formation of MeHg) and the negative bias (due to incomplete leaching, back‐adsorption, and/or decomposition of MeHg) were investigated. Geologically, physically, and chemically different samples were used for the investigation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

H.263视频编解码系统的软件实现

提出了一个完整的Ｈ．２６３视频编解码系统的软件实现方案．采用多线程技术同时完成编码、解码发送、接收、显示等多个任务,在编码模块中采用汇编语言,提高了执行速度,引入ＭＭＸ技术后,运行速度得到进一步提高．     

真空蒸馏法制备高纯金属钕的理论和工艺研究

经理论分析,在1427～1827℃金属钕的饱和蒸气压为4～257 Pa,理论蒸馏速率为2～106 g.cm-2.h-1,具有较高的蒸气压和蒸馏速率,因此真空蒸馏法提纯金属钕在工艺上是可行的;在此基础之上,首次研究了低温范围内(1600～1800℃)金属钕真空蒸馏提纯的工艺技术条件,研究表明:在1650～1700℃,金属钕的实际蒸馏速率可达到3～3.9 g.cm-.2h-1,工业级的粗金属钕经过一次蒸馏提纯杂质去除率最高可达80%以上,并利用该法制备得到了目前国内报道最高纯度的金属钕,Nd绝对纯度达99.951%(质量分数)(分析35个杂质元素,按差减法计算),Nd相对纯度达99.9817%,O≤20μg.g-1,C≤51μg.g-1;从而证实真空蒸馏法是一种简单、高效、提纯效果好的高纯金属钕工业制备方法。