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1.
Complementary regioselective esterification of non-reducing oligosaccharides catalyzed by different hydrolases 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The enzymatic transesterification of several tri- and tetrasaccharides with vinyl laurate is described. The lipases from Candida antarctica B (Novozym 435) and Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipozyme TL IM) and the alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis (subtilisin Carlsberg) have been used with each carbohydrate to obtain different regioisomers. By using the sugars in their amorphous form, complete solubility is achieved in the reaction media (tert-butanol/pyridine mixtures for the lipases and pyridine for the protease) and high isolated yields of the corresponding monoesters are obtained. Good to excellent regioselectivity is observed for all the enzymes, showing a final complementary picture respect to the primary hydroxyls of the oligosaccharides studied. 相似文献
2.
Steven D. Bull Simon W. Epstein Nadeam Mujtaba Edward D. Savory Juan A. Tamayo 《Tetrahedron》2006,62(33):7911-7925
Enolates of (S)-N,N′-bis-(p-methoxybenzyl)-3-iso-propylpiperazine-2,5-dione exhibit high levels of enantiodiscrimination in alkylations with (RS)-1-aryl-1-bromoethanes and (RS)-2-bromoesters, affording substituted diketopiperazines containing two new stereogenic centres in high de. Deprotection and hydrolysis of the resultant substituted diketopiperazines provides a route to the asymmetric synthesis of homochiral methyl 2-amino-3-aryl-butanoates and 3-methyl-aspartates in high de and ee. 相似文献
3.
4.
A theorem of Birkhoff‐Frink asserts that every algebraic closure operator on an ordinary set arises, from some algebraic structure on the set, as the corresponding generated subalgebra operator. However, for many‐sorted sets, i.e., indexed families of sets, such a theorem is not longer true without qualification. We characterize the corresponding many‐sorted closure operators as precisely the uniform algebraic operators. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
5.
The notion of Kuratowski convergence is applied to describe a kind of convergence in the context of holomorphic functions. We associate it to a convenient topology, explore its relation with the compact-open topology, thus providing a new set theoretic point of view of this classic topology, and present it in the framework of set-valued mappings. 相似文献
6.
An efficient way of obtaining travelling waves in a periodic fluid system is described and tested. We search for steady states in a reference frame travelling at the wave phase velocity using a first‐order pseudospectral semi‐implicit time scheme adapted to carry out the Newton's iterations. The method is compared to a standard Newton–Raphson solver and is shown to be highly efficient in performing this task, even when high‐resolution grids are used. This method is well suited to three‐dimensional calculations in cylindrical or spherical geometries. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
Juan Pablo Vielma 《Operations Research Letters》2007,35(1):29-35
Two independent proofs of the polyhedrality of the split closure of mixed integer linear program have been previously presented. Unfortunately neither of these proofs is constructive. In this paper, we present a constructive version of this proof. We also show that split cuts dominate a family of inequalities introduced by Köppe and Weismantel. 相似文献
8.
Neutral Community Theory: How Stochasticity and Dispersal-Limitation Can Explain Species Coexistence
Neutral community theory explains biodiversity, i.e. the coexistence of several species, as the result of a stochastic balance
between immigration and extinction on a local level, and between speciation and extinction on a regional level. The most popular
model, presented by Hubbell in 2001, has seen many analytical developments in recent years, which can be used in model analysis,
model testing and model comparison. We review these developments here, and present alternative derivations and shine previously
unnoticed lights on them. 相似文献
9.
三种群食物链交错扩散模型的整体 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文应用能量估计方法和Gagliardo-Nirenberg型不等式证明了一类强耦合反应扩散系统整体解的存在性和一致有界性,该系统是带自扩散和交错扩散项的三种群Lotka-Volterra食物链模型.通过构造Lyapunov函数给出了该模型正平衡点全局渐近稳定的充分条件. 相似文献
10.
Juan Gonzá lez-Meneses Luis Paris 《Transactions of the American Mathematical Society》2004,356(1):219-243
We show that Vassiliev invariants separate braids on a closed oriented surface, and we exhibit a universal Vassiliev invariant for these braids in terms of chord diagrams labeled by elements of the fundamental group of the surface.