Studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. CLXXIV. An approach to the synthesis of oxyacanthine and berbamine

Schotten-Baumann reaction of the amine (X) with 4-benzyloxy-3,4′-oxydiphenylacetyl chloride (XI) gave two amides, (XIIa) and (XIIb), which were cyclized to give the corresponding 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines, respectively. Methylation of the above 3,4-dihydro-isoquinolines, followed by hydrolysis, afforded the compounds having the same composition as berbamine (Ia) and oxyacanthine (Ib), whose structures are under examination.     

Semiconducting organic polymer from polyacrylamide–Cu++ chelate and iodine

Semiconducting organic polymer was obtained by the modification of polyacrylamide (PAAm)–Cu⁺⁺ chelate with iodine in acetone. Favorable conditions for preparing the chelate effective for the conduction were investigated. Surface resistivities were affected by the amounts of cupric salts and iodine, satisfactory results being given by about 25 wt % of the salts based on PAAm and more than 1 wt % of iodine on the chelate. The conductivity was also varied with the degree of neutralization of the chelate in solution, and optimal values were obtained by addition of about an equimolar amount of potassium hydroxide to cupric salts. Effective structures of the polymer chelate in solution were assumed on the basis of the visible and the NMR spectra and potentiometric titration.     

Photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of tertiary amines

The sensitization effect of tertiary amines on the photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate was studied. N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, triethylamine, and N,N-dimethylaniline increased the rate of polymerization in this order, but pyridine did not show any effect. A free-radical mechanism was confirmed by the tacticity of polymer, the retarding effect of hydroquinone, and the copolymer composition with styrene. On the basis of the detailed kinetics of the sensitized polymerization and the ultraviolet spectra of the reaction mixtures, a sensitization mechanism is proposed, in which the excited monomer and the amine form a complex and generate an initiating radical.     

Studies on the syntheses of heterocyclie compounds. Part DXXVII.. the absolute configuration of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-phenylisoquinolines

The absolute configuraiton at the C₁-position of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-phenylisoquinolines can be deduced from the CD curves of either the free base or its methiodide. Furthermore, the absolute con figuration of (⁺)-2-amino-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol (V) was revised and found to have R-configuration at the C₁ -position.     

Chemical release control: Carbamates of 3-vinylphenyl and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanates and perfume and herbicide alcohols

Polymerizable carbamates were synthesized from 3-vinylphenyl and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanates and perfume and herbicide alcohols, such as 2-phenethyl alcohol, citronellol, geraniol, 1-menthol, borneol, and 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)- and 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl alcohols. Copolymerization of these carbamate monomers and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone with AIBN in dioxane gave respective copolymers. Hydrolyses of both monomers and copolymers, however, required severe acid conditions, although different chemical structures gave different hydrolytic behaviors.     

Snytheses of analgesics. Part XXXVII. An alternative synthesis of 1,2,3,4, 5, 6-hexahydro-8-hydroxy-2,6-methano-6, h-dimethyl-3-phenethyl-3-benzazoeine [studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. Part DXXI]

Acid treatment of the alkylated products of (Va, Vb, and VIII) of piperidinols IVa and IVb, and tetrahydropyridine VII with β-bromoethylbenzene, afforded 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-8-hydroxy-2,6-methano-6,1 1-dimethyl-3-phenethyl-3-benzazocine (la) in good yield. Piperidinols Va and Vb were also obtained from the reaction of N-(3-methyl-3-pentenyl)-β-phenethylamine (IIb) with methyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-epoxypropionate.     

Isolation,Diversity and Characterization of Ulvan-Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Marine Environments

In this study, we aimed to isolate bacteria capable of degrading the polysaccharide ulvan from the green algae Ulva sp. (Chlorophyta, Ulvales, Ulvaceae) in marine environments. We isolated 13 ulvan-degrading bacteria and observed high diversity at the genus level. Further, the genera Paraglaciecola, Vibrio, Echinicola, and Algibacter, which can degrade ulvan, were successfully isolated for the first time from marine environments. Among the 13 isolates, only one isolate (Echinicola sp.) showed the ability not only to produce externally expressed ulvan lyase, but also to be periplasmic or on the cell surface. From the results of the full-genome analysis, lyase was presumed to be a member of the PL25 (BNR4) family of ulvan lyases, and the bacterium also contained the sequence for glycoside hydrolase (GH43, GH78 and GH88), which is characteristic of other ulvan-degrading bacteria. Notably, this bacterium has a unique ulvan lyase gene not previously reported.     

Raman probe using a single hollow waveguide

A simple Raman probe was realized using a single flexible hollow waveguide (HW). A HW coated with a silver film, which had reasonable transmission and little optical background noise, was used as a bidirectional transmission fiber for both the excitation and collection of Raman scattered light. The HW itself generated no Raman scattering or fluorescence noise during transmission. A complex filtering system at the end of the waveguide was thus unnecessary. In addition, the measured Raman spectra showed better signal-to-noise ratios than a conventional Raman fiber probe. The HW's suitability as a Raman fiber probe was also demonstrated.