Studies on metabolism of total glucosides of paeony from Paeoniae Radix Alba in rats by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS

Total glucosides of paeony are the active constituents of Paeoniae Radix Alba. In this study, a novel strategy was proposed to find more metabolites and the differences between paeoniflorin, albiflorin and total glucosides of paeony (TGP). This strategy was characterized as follows: firstly, the animals were divided into three groups (paeoniflorin, albiflorin and TGP) to identify the source of TGP metabolites from paeoniflorin or albiflorin; secondly, a generic information‐dependent acquisition scan for the low‐level metabolites was triggered by the multiple mass defect filter and dynamic background subtraction; thirdly, the metabolites were identified with a combination of data‐processing methods including mass defect filtering, neutral loss filtering and product ion filtering; finally, a comparative study was used in the metabolism of paeoniflorin, albiflorin and TGP. Based on the strategy, 18 metabolites of TGP, 10 metabolites of paeoniflorin and 13 metabolites of albiflorin were identified respectively. The results indicated that the hydrolysis, conjugation reaction and oxidization were the major metabolic pathways, and the metabolic sites were the glycosidic linkage, the ester bond and the benzene ring. This study is first to explore the metabolism of TGP, and these findings enhance our understanding of the metabolism and the interactions of paeoniflrin and albiflorin in TGP. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地铁车辆段咽喉区上盖建筑振动影响

城区地铁车辆段进行上盖物业开发可节约、集约利用地铁用地,缓解城市土地资源稀缺问题。地铁车辆段特别是其咽喉区振动是上盖物业开发的环境制约因素。为研究地铁车辆段咽喉区对上盖建筑的振动影响,建立轨道-地基土-上盖建筑三维有限元模型,采用等效荷载法,将实地采样的钢轨铅垂向振动加速度转化为列车钢轨铅垂向振动线荷载,作用于轨道上。在结合实测数据验证模型合理性的基础上,定量研究上盖平台厚度和离地高度、上盖建筑层数和结构等因素对室内环境振动(铅垂向Z振级VL_Zmax)的影响。结果表明,地铁车辆段咽喉区对高层建筑的振动影响整体大于多层建筑;由于振动波在屋顶自由端发生反射并与入射波叠加,导致不同楼层楼板中央VL_Zmax随楼层升高略有增加;框架结构建筑室内VL_Zmax大于剪力墙结构;增加上盖平台厚度可减小建筑室内VL_Zmax;上盖建筑室内VL_Zmax随上盖平台离地高度增加而增加(即随建筑楼层绝对离地高度增加而增大)。研究结果可为地铁车辆段上盖物业开发振动污染防治提供理论和工程技术依据。     

Synthesis,anti‐migration and burning rate catalytic mechanism of ferrocene‐based compounds

One of the most important components of solid rocket propellant is the burning rate catalysts (BRC) which enhance burning rate of solid composite propellant. Low‐pressure exponents and stable burning rate are the key features of an excellent solid propellant. Addition of BRC to the propellant results in the increase of burning rate of the propellant and decrease in pressure exponents. Among all BRC, ferrocene‐based BRC have attracted much attention because of their better microscopic homogeneities in distribution, ignitability of the propellants and good compatibility with organic binder. However, the main barrier for the development and practical applications of ferrocene‐based BRC is their migration property. This article reviews the field and highlights recent progress. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Advantageous Interfacial Effects of AgPd/g-C3N4 for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution: Electronic Structure and H2O Dissociation

Bimetallic AgPd nanoparticles have been synthesized before, but the interfacial electronic effects of AgPd on the photocatalytic performance have been investigated less. In this work, the results of hydrogen evolution suggest that the bimetallic AgPd/g-C₃N₄ sample has superior activity to Ag/g-C₃N₄ and Pd/g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts. The UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, CO adsorption diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy, and FTIR results demonstrate that in the AgPd/g-C₃N₄, the surface electronic structures of Pd and Ag are changed, which is beneficial for faster photogenerated electron transfer and greater H₂O molecule adsorption. In situ ESR spectra suggest that, under visible light irradiation, there is more H₂O dissociation to radical species on the AgPd/g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst. Furthermore, DFT calculations confirm the interfacial electronic effects of AgPd/g-C₃N₄, that is, Pd^δ−⋅⋅⋅Ag^δ+, and the activation energy of H₂O molecule dissociation on AgPd/g-C₃N₄ is the lowest, which is the main contributor to the enhanced photocatalytic H₂ evolution.     

“抑制-萃取”法从含铁酸溶液中选择性提钒

酸法浸出石煤提钒因具有环保、金属收率高的特点而备受关注,但同时进入母液的铁(高含量的Fe³⁺)严重影响了钒的富集和产品生产。 对此,本文提出一种基于“抑制-萃取”效应的钒/铁分离混合萃取体系(P507(2-乙基己基磷酸-单2-乙基己基酯)+ N235(三辛/癸烷基叔胺)+磺化煤油),并详细研究了各因素对钒铁分离和钒富集的影响规律。 结果表明,P507是钒铁萃取的主体,N235不具萃Fe³⁺能力,是产生抑制铁萃取的关键因素,其浓度越高铁萃取率越低;对于酸度较高(pH≤0.4)的原料液钒/铁的分离效果仍较好,这表明了该“抑制-萃取”混合萃取体系对高酸度浸出液钒/铁分离的适用性。 采用氨水从负载有机相中反萃取钒铁,当氨水浓度为6 mol/L时钒的反萃率99%以上,25 ℃,V(有机相)∶V(水相)=2∶1时的反萃液中钒质量浓度14.73 g/L,铁质量浓度小于0.022 g/L,m(V)/m(Fe)=669.5。 该“抑制-萃取”法分离钒/铁操作简单、经济高效,极具工业化前景。     

Atomic Layer Deposition of Cobalt Phosphide for Efficient Water Splitting

Transition‐metal phosphides (TMP) prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) are reported for the first time. Ultrathin Co‐P films were deposited by using PH₃ plasma as the phosphorus source and an extra H₂ plasma step to remove excess P in the growing films. The optimized ALD process proceeded by self‐limited layer‐by‐layer growth, and the deposited Co‐P films were highly pure and smooth. The Co‐P films deposited via ALD exhibited better electrochemical and photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activities than similar Co‐P films prepared by the traditional post‐phosphorization method. Moreover, the deposition of ultrathin Co‐P films on periodic trenches was demonstrated, which highlights the broad and promising potential application of this ALD process for a conformal coating of TMP films on complex three‐dimensional (3D) architectures.     

基于粒子滤波和人工势场法的放射源搜寻方法

针对放射源搜寻过程中难度大、定位精度低等问题,提出了一种适用于移动机器人的自主寻源方法。该方法利用移动机器人搭载辐射探测器采集的剂量计数值,根据γ射线的衰减规律建立辐射衰减模型;在机器人前进的过程中利用粒子滤波算法对放射源的参数进行实时估计;采用高斯分布函数对重采样后的粒子进行自适应更新,保证重采样后的粒子具有多样性;根据辐射环境创建机器人路径规划模型,采用人工势场法规划机器人的自主寻源路径。实验在Matlab下进行了仿真验证,结果表明,该方法在有遮挡环境下能够搜寻到未知的单点源,同时自适应更新能够提高算法的稳定性,缩小寻源误差。     

蚕丝基智能纤维及织物：潜力、现状与未来展望

纤维及织物因具有良好的柔性、透气性以及适宜的力学性能而成为人们日常生活必不可少的材料。随着柔性电子器件的快速发展,纤维及织物在其自身优势的基础上,开始被人们赋予智能化特征,使得智能纤维和织物逐渐在可穿戴领域占据一席之地。天然蚕丝具有产量大、机械性能优异和生物可降解的优势。近年来,面向智能应用的蚕丝基纤维与织物逐渐发展,被用于传感、致动、光学器件、能量收集和储能等领域。本文将首先介绍天然蚕丝的层级结构和性能,并介绍各种形貌结构的再生蚕丝材料;然后根据其在智能纤维及织物中应用领域的不同,详细阐述蚕丝基智能纤维及织物的制备方法、性能及工作机制;最后讨论进一步发展所面临的挑战与机会,并对未来前景进行展望。     

Novel thermoresponsive and pH-responsive aggregates from self-assembly of triblock copolymer PSMA-b-PNIPAAm-b-PSMA

A series of novel triblock copolymers of poly(stearyl methacrylate)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(stearyl methacrylate) (PSMA-b-PNIPAAm-b-PSMA) with different molecular weights was synthesized through carboxyl-terminated trithiocarbonates as a highly efficient RAFT agent via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The resultant polymers were characterized by 1H NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, and GPC. By varying the organic solvent used in the self-assembly procedure and adjusting the copolymer composition, multiple morphologies ranging from vesicles and core-shell spherical aggregates with different dimensions to pearl-necklace-like aggregates were obtained. The aggregates showed thermoresponsive and pH-responsive properties through the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAAm and the two carboxyl end groups of the copolymer.