福建登陆北上台风对杭州影响的对比分析

利用自动站观测资料、探空资料和全球预测系统（global forecast system,GFS）分析资料,结合统计分析、合成分析、对比分析以及物理量诊断等方法,对5个福建登陆北上并严重影响杭州的台风进行了分析,结果表明：（1）福建登陆北上影响杭州的5个台风可以分为两类,一类是福建登陆北上越过30°N（北上台风）,另一类是刚进入浙南就减弱为低压（1010号莫兰蒂台风）。北上台风对杭州造成了大风和暴雨双重影响,而1010号莫兰蒂台风主要带来的是暴雨。（2）在北上台风对杭州产生较大影响时,其合成台风中心位于福建中部地区,东南风低空急流和偏南风低空急流显著,杭州处于台风环流第一象限两支急流的交汇处,利于产生暴雨、大风;而在1010号莫兰蒂台风对杭州产生较大影响时已减弱为热带低压环流,其北部倒槽与西风带冷空气相结合是产生特大暴雨的主要原因,低压环流与副高之间的偏南风急流也有利于暴雨形成。（3）两类台风虽然部分指数和空间热动力结构相近,但北上台风的水汽条件和动力条件更好,而1010号莫兰蒂台风在冷空气切入和斜压性增强作用下,具备更高的对流有效位能,出现对流性强降水的可能性更大。     

Experimental investigation on turbulence modification in a horizontal channel flow at relatively low mass loading

Particle-laden flows in a horizontal channel were investigated by means of a two-phase particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. Experiments were performed at a Reynolds number of 6 826 and the flow is seeded with polythene beads of two sizes, 60 μm and 110 μm. One was slightly smaller than and the other was larger than the Kolmogorov length scale. The particle loadings were relatively low, with mass loading ratio ranging from 5×10⁻⁴ to 4×10⁻² and volume fractions from 6×10⁻⁷ to 4.8×10⁻⁵, respectively. The results show that the presence of particles can dramatically modify the turbulence even under the lowest mass loading ratio of 5×10⁻⁴. The mean flow is attenuated and decreased with increasing particle size and mass loading. The turbulence intensities are enhanced in all the cases concerned. With the increase of the mass loading, the intensities vary in a complicated manner in the case of small particles, indicating complicated particle-turbulence interactions; whereas they increase monotonously in the case of large particles. The particle velocities and concentrations are also given. The particles lag behind the fluid in the center region but lead in the wall region, and this trend is more prominent for the large particles. The streamwise particle fluctuations are larger than the gas fluctuations for both sizes of particles, however their varying trend with the mass loadings is not so clear. The wall-normal fluctuations increase with increasing mass loadings. They are smaller in the 60 μm particle case but larger in the 110 μm particle case than those of the gas phase. It seems that the small particles follow the fluid motion to certain extent while the larger particles are more likely dominated by their own inertia. Finally, remarkable non-uniform distributions of particle concentration are observed, especially for the large particles. The inertia of particles is proved to be very important for the turbulence modification and particles behaviors and thus should be considered in horizontal channels. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50276021), and Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, Ministry of Education (NCET-04-0708) The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

Adaptive attack-resilient control for Markov jump system with additive attacks

Nonlinear Dynamics - This paper investigates the attack-resilient control problem for Markov jump systems (MJSs) with additive attacks. Both the sensor attacks and actuator attacks are taken into...     

浙江西北部山地暴雨特征

利用2005-2017年14个自动气象站和2015-2017年66个自动气象站的降水资料,对浙西北暴雨的时空分布特征进行了分析,发现浙西北雨量分布呈西南、东北多,中部、东部少的特征,有2个暴雨中心,一个是位于清凉峰到大明山一带的梅汛期暴雨中心,另一个为天目山北部市岭一带的台风暴雨中心;暴雨存在明显的月、日变化特征,7-8月暴雨最多,春雨期暴雨主要出现在日落后,梅雨期主要出现在早晨前后,其次是午后,盛夏时主要出现在午后;6月前暴雨集中在西部、南部,7月出现明显转折,西南暴雨迅速减少,东北部天目山市岭一带暴雨明显增多。市岭地形为东北-西南河谷型,受狭管效应和地形抬升的影响,当台风位于天目山东南部时,天目山一带吹东北风对降水增幅最明显。     

Observer-based sliding mode control for switched positive nonlinear systems with asynchronous switching

Nonlinear Dynamics - This paper investigates the problem of observer-based sliding mode control for switched positive nonlinear systems with asynchronous switching. The mode of controller is...     

福建登陆北上台风对杭州影响的对比分析

利用自动站观测资料、探空资料和全球预测系统（global forecast system,GFS）分析资料,结合统计分析、合成分析、对比分析以及物理量诊断等方法,对5个福建登陆北上并严重影响杭州的台风进行了分析,结果表明：（1）福建登陆北上影响杭州的5个台风可以分为两类,一类是福建登陆北上越过30°N（北上台风）,另一类是刚进入浙南就减弱为低压（1010号莫兰蒂台风）。北上台风对杭州造成了大风和暴雨双重影响,而1010号莫兰蒂台风主要带来的是暴雨。（2）在北上台风对杭州产生较大影响时,其合成台风中心位于福建中部地区,东南风低空急流和偏南风低空急流显著,杭州处于台风环流第一象限两支急流的交汇处,利于产生暴雨、大风;而在1010号莫兰蒂台风对杭州产生较大影响时已减弱为热带低压环流,其北部倒槽与西风带冷空气相结合是产生特大暴雨的主要原因,低压环流与副高之间的偏南风急流也有利于暴雨形成。（3）两类台风虽然部分指数和空间热动力结构相近,但北上台风的水汽条件和动力条件更好,而1010号莫兰蒂台风在冷空气切入和斜压性增强作用下,具备更高的对流有效位能,出现对流性强降水的可能性更大。     

一例底层涡旋扰动触发强对流的中尺度分析

通过对2009年6月5日一例皖北强灾害天气过程的中尺度分析,发现底层大气中存在西南气流的中尺度汇合线,在汇合线附近、基本西南气流的流场环境下,隐含着中尺度涡旋扰动.利用Shuman-Shapiro平滑滤波方案对日本中尺度再分析资料进行处理,揭示了滤波后出现的中尺度涡旋扰动,该涡旋扰动对应边界层中尺度辐合区和辐合中心,以及气流的最强上升支.这些中尺度扰动特征与之后初始对流回波单体的发生有较好的对应关系,说明中尺度扰动涡旋中心附近及东侧易发生对流,或者扰动涡旋率先触发了对流.