NiO/SnO2-ZrO2催化剂的制备及甲烷燃烧催化性能的研究

利用正交分析，通过溶胶凝胶－超临界干燥及复合浸渍的方法制备了NiO/SnO2-ZrO2催化剂，进行了活性评价，考察了前驱物、NiO、SnO2含量及制备方法对催化剂活性及稳定性的影响，并采用XRD、TEM对催化剂进行了表征分析，结果表明：NiO/SnO2-ZrO2催化剂具有良好的甲烷燃烧催化性能（t100%=640 ℃），其活性、稳定性与制备参数密切相关，其中NiO含量是影响催化剂活性、稳定性的最主要参数，它对催化剂稳定性和活性的影响规律正相反； SnO2组分的添加使ZrO2单斜相稳定，对催化剂起到了良好的稳定化作用，发现当SnO2含量在6 mol％左右时，催化剂具有较好的稳定性；对于制备方法，在凝胶前加入活性组分有利于催化剂的高活性，而在凝胶后加入活性组分，则有利于催化剂保持较好的稳定性；活性组分前驱物对催化剂性能影响不大，采用Ni(NO3)2作为前驱物较为合适。     

微波消解样品-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定焦炭灰中钾、钠含量

0.100 0g焦炭灰样品经氢氟酸-硝酸(1+3)溶液8mL消解,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其中钾和钠的含量。钾和钠的质量浓度分别在4mg.L-1及2mg.L-1以内与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3σ)分别为12μg.L-1及6μg.L-1。方法用于分析焦炭灰标准物质,测定值与认定值相符,钾和钠的相对标准偏差(n=11)依次在2.7%～3.8%和1.3%～3.1%之间。     

Principles of Surface Potential Estimation in Mixed Electrolyte Solutions:Taking into Account Dielectric Saturation

The dielectric properties between in-particle/water interface and bulk solution are significantly different, which are ignored in the theories of surface potential estimation. The analytical expressions of surface potential considering the dielectric saturation were derived in mixed electrolytes based on the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation. The surface potentials calculated from the approximate analytical and exact numerical solutions agreed with each other for a wide range of surface charge densities and ion concentrations. The effects of dielectric saturation became important for surface charge densities larger than 0.30 C/m\begin{document}$ ^2 $\end{document}. The analytical models of surface potential in different mixed electrolytes were valid based on original Poisson-Boltzmann equation for surface charge densities smaller than 0.30 C/m\begin{document}$ ^2 $\end{document}. The analytical model of surface potential considering the dielectric saturation for low surface charge density can return to the result of classical Poisson-Boltzmann theory. The obtained surface potential in this study can correctly predict the adsorption selectivity between monovalent and bivalent counterions.     

Effects of Co-addition of DBS and PEG on Wetting Performance of TiO_2 Film

Nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 films with indium tin oxide(ITO) coated glass as the film substrate were fabricated through spin-coating technique. The TiO2 pastes were prepared with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate(DBS) modified TiO2 nanocrystals, synthesized by sol-hydrothermal processes in advance, together with different amounts of polyethylene glycol(PEG) macromolecules. The as-prepared films were mainly characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy(...     

微射流阵列冲击恒热流壁面换热数值模拟

微射流冲击作为一种高热流冷却技术,在大功率激光器、微电子芯片等微型高热流器件冷却方面有广阔应用前景.本文对微射流阵列冲击恒热流表面的换热情况进行数值模拟,详细分析了微射流阵列的换热特点,对比了射流孔顺排和叉排方式的冷却性能,得出射流入口雷诺数、射流孔间距、射流高度等因素对冷却特性的影响规律.     

水通道蛋白启发下的人工水通道研究进展

受水通道蛋白(AQP)结构与功能启发,含有生物水通道或人工水通道(AWC)的仿生膜近年来取得了显著进展.借鉴AQP的传输特性,所制备的AWC获得了高度的选择性及水快速运输能力.通过对AQP的结构原型进行分析,对标AWC中H2O分子选择性和渗透特性,尝试提出了"门控效应"、"润湿效应"和"排队效应"3种效应,并对现有嵌入...     

气源MBE外延自组装GeSi量子点的光致荧光

利用气源分子束外延技术(MBE)制作了GeSi自组装量子点样品.利用原子力显微镜(AFM)和光致荧光(PL)光谱研究了该量子点的形貌和光学性质.气源MBE在较低温度下生长的量子点材料具有较高的量子点覆盖度.200K以下载流子以局域激子形式束缚在量子点中,激子束缚能约为17 meV.升温至200 K,载流子的输运过程发生...     

人nov基因全长cDNA克隆、测序及其组织表达谱分析

采用特异性mRNA富集技术，从人早期胚胎中得到人nov基因(novH)的cDNA克隆，序列分析表明，该基因cDNA序列由2389个碱基对组成，包含一段长1071bp的开放阅读框(ORF)，3′端含有加尾信号AATAAA和ply(A)尾巴。Northern杂交显示，在Hela细胞和肾上腺组织中有表达的novHmRNA，大小约为2．5kb；多组织RNA点杂交分析结果进一步表明，novH基因在肾上腺和主动脉中的表达水平相对较高，在成人肾、肝、肺和小肠组织中亦有少量的表达。     

BEHAVIOR OF OBSTRUCTED SQUARE BUOYANT VERTICAL JETS IN STATIC AMBIENT （Ⅰ）—— VERIFICATION OF MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND NUMERICAL METHOD

Some experiments were made for the buoyant jet from a square orifice with a square disc placed on it in static ambient and concentration along the axis in self-similar area behind disc was measured. And at the same time a three-dimensional mathematical model was established to simulate the whole flowing under different conditions. All the results predicted by the numerical calculation were substantiated by the experiments. The results were compared with experiential formula for obstructed round buoyant vertical jets in static ambient and it was found that the two concentration distributions had good accordance. Star shape of temperature isolines on cross-sections in the near areas from the disc was found and it was a very special figure for obstructed square buoyant vertical jets with a square disc. The shape will transform to concentric circles gradually alike to the round buoyant vertical jet in self-similar area with increasing of the distance from the disc.     

光纤传能的移动式激光诱导击穿光谱钢铁快速检测与分类

为了实现工业现场对特种钢材的快速检测与种类识别,采用基于光纤传能的移动式激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）样机对14种特种钢材进行光谱数据的采集与分析,采用预选谱线并遍历组合的降维方法与支持向量机(SVM)相结合的算法对特钢材料的光谱进行快速分类。分别将原始光谱数据、归一化处理后的光谱数据、归一化处理+遍历组合优选谱线数据作为SVM分类模型的输入向量,并对比了不同输入向量下模型对特钢识别的准确度。结果表明：在事先选出的51条特征谱线作为输入变量的基础上,归一化光谱数据作为SVM分类模型的输入特征时,识别准确度达到95.71%,明显高于使用原始光谱数据作为输入向量时SVM分类模型的准确度11.43%。进一步地,使用MATLAB程序遍历谱线组合,通过遍历各种谱线组合选出最优的输入谱线组合,当优选6条特定的谱线时,对特钢种类识别的准确度达到100%,且建模速度也有相应提升。可以看出,当预选出大量常见特征数据时,机器自动选取特征与人工挑选谱线相比,具有明显优势,基于此降维方法的SVM算法模型在LIBS快速分类技术中具有很好的工业应用前景。