Structure elucidation and NMR assignments of two unusual monoterpene indole alkaloids from Psychotria stachyoides

Two unusual monoterpene indole alkaloids, stachyoside ( 1 ) and nor‐methyl‐23‐oxo‐correantoside ( 2 ), have been isolated from the aerial parts of Psychotria stachyoides. The structural elucidation of both compounds was performed by the aid of HRESIMS, FT‐IR, and 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR techniques including COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Gyroscopic Stabilization of Passive Magnetic Levitation

A nonlinear mathematical model able to describe the motion of a passive magnetic levitation device, known as Levitron, is presented in this paper. Using the standard approach usually applied in rotordynamics and without introducing any preliminary assumptions, the equations of motion for all six degrees of freedom of the magnetic spinning top are obtained. By computing the four natural frequencies characterizing the horizontal translational vibrations of the rotor and the whirling motion of its axis, the conditions for stable levitation in terms of the spin speed are obtained. Some results coming from the numerical integration of the equations of motion are also presented and compared with those obtained using the simplified model based upon the fast top assumption.     

Some considerations on the experimental determination of moments of inertia

The experimental determination of the moments of inertia of rigid bodies, which is a common practice in many fields of technology, is usually performed using torsional or multifilar pendula. Different experimental techniques, based on the study of the periodic or non-periodic motion of the test object on which known forces act, are described and critically analysed. In particular, the effect of damping and, in the case of devices which can be assimilated to a pendulum, that of the non-linearity due to the finite amplitude of the motion, are studied in detail.The equations of motion of the multifilar pendulum are studied in detail to assess how the assumptions usually considered affect the accuracy of the results. An example of experimental determination of the moment of inertia of a flywheel, employing the trifilar pendulum currently used at the Laboratory of the Mechanics Department of Politecnico di Torino, shows how the theoretical considerations apply to a practical case.

---

Sommario La determinazione sperimentale dei momenti d'inerzia di corpi rigidi, prassi consueta in molti settori della tecnologia, si avvale normalmente dell'utilizzo di pendoli di torsione o di pendoli multifilari. Nel presente lavoro vengono descritti ed esaminati criticamente vari metodi, basati sullo studio di moti periodici o non periodici dell'oggetto in prova sottoposto a forze note. Viene studiato in particolare l'effetto dello smorzamento e, nel caso di metodi basati su dispositivi assimilabili ad un pendolo, quello delle nonlinearità dovute all'ampiezza delle oscillazioni sui risultati della misura.Vengono studiate in dettaglio le equazioni del moto del pendolo multifilare allo scopo di valutare in quale misura le ipotesi semplificative normalmente accettate influiscano sulla precisione dei risultati. Un esempio di misura sperimentale effettuata mediante il pendolo trifilare correntemente utilizzato presso il laboratorio del Dipartimento di Meccanica del Politecnico di Torino conclude il lavoro e permette di verificare le conclusioni teoriche in un caso concreto.

     

Conditions for noncircular whirling of nonlinear isotropic rotors

Nonlinear rotors are often considered as potential sources of chaotic vibrations. The aim of the present paper is that of studying in detail the behaviour of a nonlinear isotropic Jeffcott rotor, representing the simplest nonlinear rotor. The restoring and damping forces have been expanded in Taylor series obtaining a Duffing-type equation. The isotropic nature of the system allows circular whirling to be a solution at all rotational speeds. However there are ranges of rotational speed in which this solution is unstable and other, more complicated, solutions exist.The conditions for stability of circular whirling are first studied from closed form solutions of the mathematical model and then the conditions for the existence of solutions of other type are studied by numerical experimentation. Although attractors of the limit cycle type are often found, chaotic attractors were identified only in few very particular cases. An attractor supposedly of the last type reported in the literature was found, after a detailed analysis, to be related to a nonchaotic polyharmonic solution.As the typical unbalance response of isotropic nonlinear rotors has been shown to be a synchronous circular whirling motion, the convergence characteristics of Newton-Raphson algorithm applied to the solution of the set of nonlinear algebraic equations obtained from the differential equations of motion are studied in some detail. c damping coefficient i imaginaty unit (i=% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbqfgBHr% xAU9gimLMBVrxEWvgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvA% Tv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYlf9irVeeu0dXdh9% vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFf0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea% 0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabe% aadaabauaaaOqaamaakaaabaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaWcbeaaaaa!3E66!\[\sqrt { - 1}\]) k stiffness m mass t time x _istate variables i=1, 4 z complex co-ordinate (z=x+iy)[J] Jacobian matrix Oxyz inertial co-ordinate frame Oz rotating co-ordinate frame perturbation term eccentricity complex co-ordinate (=+i) system eigenvalues nonlinearity parameter nondimensional time phase spin speed u nonrotating t rotating0 amplitude t nondimensional termsNomenclature     

Orbital Tubes

A novel graphical presentation is proposed to convey information about relevant dynamic phenomena and behaviour of a rotor. The orbital tube is a three-dimensional plot in which the orbits are stacked in the third dimension at various rotating speeds. It may be conveniently used to represent and analyse data obtained from analytical, numerical and experimental means. Some illustrating examples are reported.     

Advances in melt-processed HTS applications at politecnico di torino

Summary This paper deals with a comparison of chemical, physical and mechanical characterisation of YBCO samples obtained with Temporary-Liquid-Densification Melt Growth (TLDMG). Ba₂YCu₃O_7-x +50% excess BaY₂CuO₅ pellets were prepared from different Ba-Y-Cu-O system phases, suitable to produce during the heat treatment temporary liquids at temperatures lower than 1000°C. A mechanical characterisation was performed in zero-field-cooling and field-cooling condition, showing hysteretic behaviour and creep of the levitation force. Measurements of magnetic hysteresis cycles in low fields and a.c. susceptibility were also performed. Some mechanical applications (high-speed electric motor and flywheel energy accumulator) were built and tested. The work now proceeds on two new industrial applications of melt-processed HTSC materials. Paper presented at the “VII Congresso SATT? Torino, 4–7 October 1994.