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为揭示聚氨酯泡沫的微观结构性能关系,本文依靠自主研发的微型材料试验机,在美国APS光源2BM线站上搭建了原位CT系统,对闭孔硬质聚氨酯泡沫在准静态压缩加载下的变形损伤行为进行了三维实时表征,分辨率可达0.87μm。通过原位CT试验获取了硬质聚氨酯泡沫的应力应变关系,以及三个变形阶段(弹性、平台、压实)的三维结构演化过程。三维图像显示,在平台段会观察到局部压缩带从样品两端向中间传播的过程,且压缩带传播速度会超过压头速度。同时,利用数字体图像相关技术精确计算了聚氨酯泡沫的三维变形场,表明压缩变形主要集中在变形带内部。通过追踪胞元变形过程并利用表面曲率场来量化胞壁变形,发现胞元坍塌主要源于包壁屈曲形成的褶皱。 相似文献
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采用高压烧结技术制备了按偏离化学计量比配制的PbTe基热电材料(Pb0.55Te0.45),重点研究了烧结压力对材料热电性能的影响。研究结果表明:高压烧结过程能有效降低材料中的晶格缺陷,从而显著改变样品中的载流子浓度及其迁移率。与未经烧结的常压熔融样品相比,高压烧结样品的Seebeck系数得到大幅提高,电导率略有降低,室温热导率降低了50%,所以高压烧结样品的品质因子得到较大提高。当烧结压力为2 GPa时,所得样品在700 K时其品质因子达到0.59,相比未经烧结的常压熔融样品提高了150%。 相似文献
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Plate-impact experiments have been carried out to examine the effect of grain size and grain arrangement on the damage evolution of ultrapure aluminum. Two groups of samples, "cross-cut" and "longitudinal-cut," are obtained from the rolled aluminum rod along different directions. The peak compressive stress is approximately 1.25 GPa-1.61 GPa, which can cause incipient spall damage that is correlated to the material microstructure. The metallographic analyses of all recovered samples show that nearly all damage nucleates at the grain boundaries, especially those with larger curvature. Moreover, under lower shock stress, the spall strength of the "longitudinal-cut" sample is smaller than that of the "crosscut" sample, because the different grain sizes and arrangement of the two samples cause different nucleation, growth, and coalescence processes. In this study, the difference in the damage distribution between "longitudinal-cut" and "cross-cut" samples and the causes for this difference under lower shock-loading conditions are also analyzed by both qualitative and semi-quantitative methods. It is very important for these conclusions to establish a reasonable and perfect equation of damage evolution for ductile metals. 相似文献
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采用任意反射面激光干涉测速(VISAR)系统,对高纯铝(纯度为99.999%)材料开展了层裂实验研究,获得了未完全层裂和完全层裂样品的自由面速度剖面。基于实验测量中观察到的层裂回跳(Pullback)信号的脉冲宽度、速度幅值差异以及回跳信号上升过程中的两次速度斜率变化特征,详细讨论了高纯铝材料从出现损伤到完全断裂的过程中波剖面演化的行为特征。结合“软回收”样品的细观分析,指出这些自由面速度变化特征可能与材料中应力波的能量释放速率以及材料中晶粒的断裂行为密切相关。研究结果可以为延性金属损伤断裂的演化过程提供有意义的认识。 相似文献
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