物理奥林匹克竞赛实验专题

第 1 0期试题解答用直尺在坐标纸上画一直线 (用 A表示 ) ,放置棱镜使其长直角边所对的棱 C与该直线重合 .棱镜的横截面剖析图如图 1所示 (虚线三角形表示棱镜的初位置 ) .眼睛沿斜边注视该直线 ,并保持眼睛位置 (用 B表示 )不变 .然后 ,在纸面上沿箭头方向平移棱镜 ,至眼睛能看到棱镜的棱边 C为止 .这说明棱边 C发出的光线至D点折射后 ,进入眼睛 B.用笔划出这条棱边C、D及 E的位置 .设长直角边与空气界面的入射角为 β,AE=b,CE=c,DE=h.于是有图 1　三棱镜横截面剖析图hb=tan60°,　 hc=tanβ整理得tanβ=3 bc ( 1 )由折射定律有nsin…     

多媒体在二维动量实验中的应用

利用VisualBasic的多媒体功能和CCD摄像头以及气垫桌等组成的实验系统，演示了二维碰撞中的动量守恒．     

Multiple Scattering Effects of Ag Particles in Random Ag-SiN Film

A layer of 40nm-thick Ag-SiN film with Ag nano-particles embedded and distributed randomly in the SiN thin film were deposited by the method of radiant-frequency magnetron sputtering. Specimens orderly comprising a random Ag-SiN film and an optical phase change recording layer were exposed to a focused laser beam with wavelength of 69Ohm. It is shown that, with a random Ag-SiN layer deposited above the recording layer. Calculation by the finite difference time domain method of a 4Ohm-thick SiN film under a Gaussian beam irradiation has been carried out to simulate the near-field distribution in the film, which showed a huge local near-field intensity enhancement of about 200 times if small Ag particles with diameter of 6 nm were modelled inthe SiN film in the central region of the in cident laser spot.     

透镜初级球差的横向剪切干涉条纹研究

利用玻璃平行平板构成简单的横向剪切干涉仪可以观察到单薄透镜形成的准直光束的剪切干涉条纹,由干涉条纹分布求出对应的几何像差和离焦量.用焦距为190 mm的单薄透镜做实验,实验结果与计算机模拟结果符合,说明可以从剪切干涉条纹的分布求出透镜的轴向调整误差和初级球差.     

白光干涉条纹变密的原因探讨

讨论了在测定透明介质折射率的过程中彩色条纹变密的现象，并在其基础上分析其成因：一是由于媒质折射率加大；二是由于平形板介质平行度不好造成楔形的倾角变大，最后在实验中验证了理论结果。     

Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for the Existence of Broad Forbidden Gaps in the Three—Component Composite

The influence of localized resonance on the properties of band-gaps of the two-dimensional periodic composite are analysed numerically and experimentally by comparing the two-component phononic crystal with the three-component one. The three-component composite which exhibits localized resonance in the elastically soft coating ring is composed of a square array of coated cylinders embedded in an epoxy resin. The coated cylinders consist of a steel inner core and a rubber coating, which has much smaller wave velocity and mass density than the matrixand tile inner material. Tile measured transmission power of tile three-component composite drops to the noise level in a broad ultrasonic frequency interval in contrast to the binary composite, which is in good agreement with the calculation using the finite element method.     

误差杆的概念及其应用

介绍了误差杆的概念及其在实验作图中的应用。     

添加助剂的钙钛矿型氧化物NdMO_3上的甲烷氧化偶联——Ⅱ.15% Li_2O/NdMO_3(M=Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni)上的OCM反应研究

在添加了15%Li_2O的NdMO_3(M=Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni)上进行了甲烷氧化偶联(OCM)反应研究.通过改变反应气中CH_4:O_2浓度比,在氧化态和“脱氧态”催化剂上的CH_4脉冲反应,探讨了表面吸附氧和晶格氧在OCM反应中的作用以及NdMO_3中不同金属离子(M)对OCM反应活性的影响等.     

在配位体络合体系中合成窄分布聚苯乙烯

本文报道了在RLi-配位体络合体系中阴离子聚合方法合成窄分布聚苯乙烯的研究结果.在己烷、庚烷、甲苯等溶液中合成分子量范围为10~2～10~3。的窄分布聚苯乙烯(MWD<1.10)时,以鹰爪豆矸、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺为配位体的络合体系,聚合操作简便,效果非常好.在非极性溶剂中加一定比例的THF以后,该体系也能合成分子量范围为10~4～10~5的窄分布聚苯乙烯.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中全氟及多氟化合物北大核心CSCD

该文基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS),建立了多种类型化妆品中全氟及多氟化合物(PFASs)的分析方法。水剂、膏霜、乳液、凝胶和粉剂样品经过饱和乙酸铵-氯化钠溶液(含1%甲酸)分散后采用1%甲酸-乙腈溶液提取,油状和蜡基类化妆品经过正己烷分散后采用饱和乙酸铵-乙腈溶液(含0.001%氨水)提取,提取液以Agilent RRHD Eclipse Plus Zorbax C_(18)色谱柱(3.0 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)进行分离,在电喷雾离子源(ESI)下以多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质匹配外标法定量。通过考察不同前处理方式对30种PFASs回收率的影响,确定最优前处理方法。在优化条件下,30种PFASs在1~250μg/L范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数(r^(2))为0.9903~0.9998;方法检出限为0.025~0.125μg/g,定量下限为0.050~0.250μg/g,30种PFASs的平均回收率为70.8%~112%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为0.50%~12%,24 h内各基质溶液中30种PFASs的峰面积相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于10%。采用该方法对采集的88个化妆品样品进行检测,发现1个阳性样品,检出全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛基磺酸(PFOS)含量分别为4.7μg/g和1.4μg/g。该方法简便、快速、准确、灵敏,可为化妆品的质量控制和日常监管提供技术支撑。