准坐标下完整力学系统的非Noether守恒量——Hojman定理的推广

利用时间不变的无限小变换下的Lie对称性，研究准坐标下完整力学系统的一类新守恒量.建立系统的运动微分方程，给出无限小变换下的Lie对称性确定方程.将Hojman定理推广，并举例说明结果的应用. 关键词： 准坐标 完整力学系统 Lie对称性 非Noether守恒量 Hojman定理     

非完整力学系统Raitzin正则方程的形式不变性

研究非完整力学系统Raitzin正则方程的形式不变性。建立系统的Raitzin正则方程。给出在无限小变换下系统形式不变性的定义和判据。得到系统的守恒量与形式不变性之间的关系并举例说明结果的应用。     

Integrating factors and conservation theorems of constrained Birkhoffian systems

In this paper the conservation theorems of the constrained Birkhoffian systems are studied by using the method of integrating factors. The differential equations of motion of the system are written. The definition of integrating factors is given for the system. The necessary conditions for the existence of the conserved quantity for the system are studied. The conservation theorem and its inverse for the system are established. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.     

Form invariance and conserved quantities of Nielsen equations of relativistic variable mass nonholonomic systems

In this paper, the definition and criterion of the form invariance of Nielsen equations for relativistic variable mass nonholonomic systems are given. The relation between the form invariance and the Noether symmetry is studied.Finally, we give an example to illustrate the application of the result.     

钙钛矿/硅异质结叠层太阳电池:光学模拟的研究进展

近几年,钙钛矿/硅异质结叠层太阳电池发展迅速,效率已经从13.7％提升到29.1％.由于叠层电池器件的制作工艺复杂,而叠层太阳电池中的光学损失对转换效率的影响很大,所以通过光学模拟进而获得高效电池至关重要.本文首先从商业软件和自建模型两方面概述了光学模拟的方法,接着从反射损失和寄生吸收两方面针对光学模拟研究进展进行了总...     

Integrating factors and conservation theorems for Hamilton‘s canonical equations of motion of variable mass nonholonmic nonconservative dynamical systems

We present a general approach to the construction of conservation laws for variable mass noholonmic nonconservative systems.First,we give the definition of integrating factors,and we study in detail the necessary conditions for the existence of the conserved quantities,Then,we establish the conservatioin theorem and its inverse theorem for Hamilton‘s canonical equations of motion of variable mass nonholonomic nonocnservative dynamical systems.Finally,we give an example to illustrate the application of the results.     

P-I-N型锡铅钙钛矿太阳电池性能的限制因素及解决策略

锡铅钙钛矿太阳电池已被证明可以用于全钙钛矿叠层太阳电池中,作为窄带隙底电池进一步提高器件光电转换效率.目前, P-I-N型锡铅钙钛矿太阳电池的最高效率为21.7%,明显低于铅基钙钛矿太阳电池.本文分析了限制其性能提高的主要因素,并针对性地总结了近几年研究工作者们提出的有效解决策略,主要包括:1)通过添加富锡化合物、强还原剂或含大的有机阳离子的化合物以抑制Sn²⁺氧化,减少锡铅钙钛矿材料p型掺杂程度,降低电池开路电压损耗; 2)通过调控组分、改变钙钛矿薄膜制备方法、溶剂工程或添加含功能性基团的化合物以延缓锡铅钙钛矿薄膜结晶生长速率,提高薄膜质量; 3)通过选用合适的电子传输层或空穴传输层,减少能级失配对载流子传输的影响或避免载流子传输层的本身不稳定性对器件的影响.最后,本文展望了锡铅钙钛矿太阳电池的未来发展,认为其不仅有望实现高效稳定的单结太阳电池,而且还可以应用于高效全钙钛矿叠层太阳电池.     

Exact invariants and adiabatic invariants of Raitzin＇s canonical equations of motion for a nonlinear nonholonomic mechanical system

The exact invariants and the adiabatic invariants of Raitzin＇s canonical equations of motion for a nonlinear nonholonomic mechanical system are studied. The relations between the invariants and the symmetries of the system are established. Based on the concept of higher-order adiabatic invariant of a mechanical system under the action of a small perturbation, the forms of the exact invariants and adiabatic invariants and the conditions for their existence are proved. Finally, the inverse problem of the perturbation to symmetries of the system is studied and an example is also given to illustrate the application of the results.     

事件空间中非完整非保守系统的守恒量存在定理及其逆定理

提出了事件空间中非完整非保守系统守恒定律构成的一般途径.首先，列写系统的运动微分方程，给出积分因子的定义.其次，详细地研究了守恒量存在的必要条件，并建立了事件空间中非完整非保守系统的守恒量存在定理及其逆定理.最后，举例说明结果的应用. 关键词： 事件空间 非完整非保守系统 积分因子 守恒定理     

钙钛矿太阳电池外量子效率模拟与优化

使用拟合(FAPbI3)1-x(MAPbBr3)x钙钛矿太阳电池器件每层材料的透射、反射曲线的方式获取材料真实光学常数以进行外量子效率(External Quantum Efficiency,EQE)模拟,所得结果与实际测得EQE曲线相比误差低于1;.由此分析了器件中各层薄膜材料的光学损失并针对器件中透明导电电极、电子传输层以及钙钛矿吸收层进行厚度优化,掌握了透明电极、电子传输层和钙钛矿吸收层对器件性能的影响规律.该模拟研究可有效减少实验量,为快速获得高性能器件提供了一定的指导.