Low temperature preparation of flower-like BiOCl film and its photocatalytic activity

The BiOCl thin film with flower-like sphere structure was prepared at a low temperature by the alcoholysis-coating method using BiCl 3 as precursor. The obtained thin film was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electronic energy spectrum (EDS) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). And the results showed that the obtained BiOCl film without calcination was composed of flower-like sphere structure with tetragonal phase and had a good absorption for ultraviolet. The photocatalytic activity of BiOCl thin film was also evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange in water under UV light irradiation. The degradation experimental results confirmed that the film prepared at low temperature possessed a high photocatalytic activity and could achieve 97% degradation to 10 mg/L methyl orange solution after 150 min UV light irradiation. The stability of the obtained BiOCl thin film was also good and its photocatalytic activity still remained an above 94% removal of methyl orange after being used four times. In addition, a possible formation mechanism of BiOCl thin film was also inferred and the results suggested that the ethylene glycol solvent may contribute to the forming flower-like sphere structure.     

Regularization method with two parameters for nonlinear ill-posed problems

This paper is devoted to the regularization of a class of nonlinear ill-posed problems in Banach spaces. The operators involved are multi-valued and the data are assumed to be known approximately. Under the assumption that the original problem is solvable, a strongly convergent approximation procedure is designed by means of the Tikhonov regularization method with two pa- rameters.     

花球状BiOCl薄膜的低温制备及其光催化性能

以BiCl3为原料,采用醇解．涂覆法在相对较低的温度下制备了具有花球状微观形貌的BiOCl薄膜．采用X射线衍射谱（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、电子能量散射谱（EDS）和紫外-可见漫反射光谱（DRS）对所制薄膜进行了晶相、形貌、元素组成和光学性质表征,并以甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了薄膜的光催化性能．分析结果表明：BiOCl薄膜具有四方晶相结构,薄膜呈花球状微观形貌,对紫外光有良好的吸收．降解实验结果表明：未经过高温焙烧的BiOCl薄膜具有较佳光催化活性,经紫外光照射150min后对甲基橙的降解率达97％,且具有较高的光催化稳定性,重复使用4次后对甲基橙的降解率仍保持94％以上．此外,文中还对BiOCl薄膜的形成机理做了推测．     

A general additive-multiplicative rates model for recurrent event data

In this article, we propose a general additive-multiplicative rates model for recurrent event data. The proposed model includes the additive rates and multiplicative rates models as special cases. For the inference on the model parameters, estimating equation approaches are developed, and asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are established through modern empirical process theory. In addition, an illustration with multiple-infection data from a clinic study on chronic granulomatous disease is pr...