Film electrode for the kinetic study of irreversible solid-to-solid reactions

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - In the last twenty years, direct electro-reduction of solid oxides in molten salt has been investigated extensively. Compared with thermodynamics, kinetics...     

Continuous-wave stimulated Raman scattering (cwSRS) microscopy

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a powerful tool for chemically sensitive non-invasive optical imaging. However, ultrafast laser sources, which are currently employed, are still expensive and require substantial maintenance to provide temporal overlap and spectral tuning. SRS imaging, which utilizes continuous-wave laser sources, has a major advantage, as it eliminates the cell damage due to exposure to the high-intensity light radiation, while substantially reducing the cost and complexity of the setup. As a proof-of-principle, we demonstrate microscopic imaging of dimethyl sulfoxide using two independent, commonly used lasers, a diode-pumped, intracavity doubled 532-nm laser and a He–Ne laser operating at 632.8-nm.     

Quantum chemistry simulation on quantum computers: theories and experiments

It has been claimed that quantum computers can mimic quantum systems efficiently in the polynomial scale. Traditionally, those simulations are carried out numerically on classical computers, which are inevitably confronted with the exponential growth of required resources, with the increasing size of quantum systems. Quantum computers avoid this problem, and thus provide a possible solution for large quantum systems. In this paper, we first discuss the ideas of quantum simulation, the background of quantum simulators, their categories, and the development in both theories and experiments. We then present a brief introduction to quantum chemistry evaluated via classical computers followed by typical procedures of quantum simulation towards quantum chemistry. Reviewed are not only theoretical proposals but also proof-of-principle experimental implementations, via a small quantum computer, which include the evaluation of the static molecular eigenenergy and the simulation of chemical reaction dynamics. Although the experimental development is still behind the theory, we give prospects and suggestions for future experiments. We anticipate that in the near future quantum simulation will become a powerful tool for quantum chemistry over classical computations.     

Numerical investigation of field-effect control on hybrid electrokinetics for continuous and position-tunable nanoparticle concentration in microfluidics

We introduce herein an effective way for continuous delivery and position-switchable trapping of nanoparticles via field-effect control on hybrid electrokinetics (HEK). Flow field-effect transistor exploiting HEK delicately combines horizontal linear electroosmosis and transversal nonlinear electroosmosis of a shiftable flow stagnation line (FSL) on gate terminals under DC-biased AC forcing. The microfluidic nanoparticle concentrator proposed herein makes use of a simple device geometry, in which an individual or a series of planar metal strips serving as gate electrode (GE) are subjected to a hybrid gate voltage signal and arranged in parallel between a pair of 3D driving electrodes. On the application of a DC-biased AC electric field across channel length direction, all the GE are electrochemically polarized, and the action of imposed hybrid electric field on the multiple-frequency bipolar counterions within the composite-induced double layer generates two counter-rotating induced-charge electroosmotic (ICEO) micro-vortices on top of each GE. Symmetry breaking in ICEO flow profile occurs once the gate voltage deviates from natural floating potential of corresponding GE. The gate voltage offset not only results in an additional pump motion of working fluid for enhanced electroosmotic transport but also directly changes the location of FSL where nanoparticles are preferentially collected by field-effect HEK. Our results of field-effect control on HEK are supposed to guide an elaborate design of flexible electrokinetic frameworks embedding coplanar metal strips for a high degree of freedom analyte manipulation in modern micro-total-analytical systems.     

东海内陆架沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征及物源意义

对位于东海内陆架浙.闽沿岸泥质带的EC2005孔进行了岩性、粒度、稀土元素以及AMS14C年代分析,探讨了研究区自末次冰消期以来的物源变化及其原因.该孔岩性、粒度和稀土元素含量垂向上变化较大,平均粒径变化范围为8-121 μm,∑REE为152.8～227.9μg·g-1.沉积物球粒陨石和世界页岩标准化配分模式均表明研究区物质的陆源属性.根据稀土元素配分模式、稀土内部分馏差异以及与平均粒径的关系,分析认为,研究区17.3～12.3 kaBP期间主要物质来源是湖盆流域物质;12.3～9.8 ka BP是以湖盆流域物质为主向长江物质为主转变的过渡阶段;自大约10～9.8 ka BP开始,长江物质对研究区形成了主导.海平面的升高以及沿岸流的形成是物质来源发生变化的重要原因.     

相干水声通信系统中均衡器长度设计方法

基于自适应均衡技术的相干通信被证明是有效的水声通信方式之一。在均衡器设计过程中,确定均衡长度的方法主要是经验确定与搜索算法,前者依赖于特定的环境,后者一般计算量较大。本文提出一种应用于相干水声通信系统的根据信道冲激响应确定均衡长度的设计方法。仿真及试验结果证明了该方法可以有效地提高通信的可靠性。     

Aerosol assisted synthesis of silica/phenolic resin composite mesoporous hollow spheres

Hollow spheres of phenolic resin/silica composite are synthesized by macroscopic phase separation of a sorbitan monooleate surfactant Span 80 during aerosol-assisted spraying. The cavity can be evolved from multiple compartments to single hollow cavity with the increase of Span 80 content. The composite shell becomes mesoporous due to the release of small molecules after thermal treatment above 350 °C. After further thermal treatment at a higher temperature for example 900 °C in nitrogen or 1,450 °C in argon, the carbon/silica composite hollow spheres or crystalline silicon carbide hollow spheres are derived, respectively. Compared to the pure phenolic resin-based carbon spheres, thermal stability of the carbon-based composite spheres in air is essentially improved by the introduction of inorganic component silica. The carbon-based composite hollow spheres combine both performances of easy mass transportation through macropores and high specific surface area of mesopores, which will be promising to support catalysts for fuel cells. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

一种水声OFDM的抗多径同步算法

水声信道普遍存在多径效应,致使水声正交频分复用(OFDM)通信系统的同步算法经常给出误差较大甚至错误的同步点。为了完成精确的同步,本文提出一种基于恒幅度零自相关序列以及在信号开始插入两个同样训练信号的联合同步算法,系统通过粗同步和细同步两个过程完成信号开始时刻的精确定位。仿真分析和湖试结果表明,本算法能够在多径信道下准确找到信号开始时刻。