A colorimetric method for the determination of carboxylic acids

A new colorimetric method for the determination of carboxylic acids using bromocresol green reagent is established. The formed color follows Beer's Lambert law and is stable for 24 hr. The method is successfully applied for measuring the disappearance of volatile fatty acids in P. oxalicum culture media. The method is reproducable and is used also for the quantitative determination of carboxylic acids in Dowex 1-X8 eluates. A linear relationship between the pK₁ of different carboxylic acids and the calculated molar extinction coefficients of the color formed at 440 nm is demonstrated.     

Radiochemical separation of <Superscript>67</Superscript>Ga from Zn and Cu using the adsorbent resin Amberlite XAD-7

Summary A column chromatography was developed using a nonionic, polar adsorbent resin Amberlite XAD-7 for routine radiochemical separation of ⁶⁷Ga from Zn and Cu. 7M HCl was found to be the optimum concentration for adsorption of ⁶⁷Ga and elution of both Zn and Cu. Distilled water was used for elution of ⁶⁷Ga from the column. The optimum flow rate of the solutions on to the column was 5 ml/min. The concentrations of Zn and Cu in the final product (30 ml), measured by a polarography method, were 2.0 and 0.5 ppm, respectively. A solvent extraction method, using diisopropyl ether/7M HCl system was also tested to perform the same separation and a comparison between the two methods was made. The radiochemical chromatographic separation system is simple in design and easy to operate for separations in a hot cell.     

Experimental and numerical study of residual stresses caused by cold expansion of adjacent holes

Cold expansion is a useful process for imposing compressive residual stresses around the holes in riveted and bolted connections. These stresses increase the fatigue life of holed parts. Distribution and amount of exerted residual stress dependent on various parameters as material, distance of adjacent holes, hole diameter, cold expansion ratio and plate thickness. In this study, experimental and numerical results for two different aluminum alloys and various holes distances are investigated and compared. Effects of mentioned parameters on the residual stress are studied.     

Structural studies and biological evaluation of Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) complexes of carbohydrazone derived from ethyl acetoacetate in addition to crystallographic description of La (III) or Sm (III) catalytic activity abnormal product

New carbohydrazone ligand derived from the condensation of carbohydrazide and ethyl acetoacetate, diethyl 3,3′‐(carbonylbis (hydrazin‐2‐yl‐1‐ylidene))(3E,3′E)‐dibutyrate (H₄EBC), and its divalent Co, Ni and Cu chelates have been isolated and characterized utilizing convenient methods. ¹H‐NMR spectrum of H₄EBC revealed the abundance of the enol isomer in solution, which was the opposite to what was shown by the solid IR. This was supported by comparing the theoretical IR of both keto and enol forms. In [Ni(H₄EBC)Cl₂(H₂O)]·2H₂O, H₄EBC acts as a neutral NON tridentate ligand via the (C=O)_carbonyl oxygen atom besides the two (C=N)_azomethine nitrogen atoms, while in [Co(H₄EBC)Cl₂(2H₂O)]·2H₂O, H₄EBC behaves as a neutral NN bidentate ligand through the two azomethine groups. Magnetic measurements inherent to their electronic spectra show that both Ni (II) and Co (II) chelates have octahedron coordination frameworks. On the other hand, the ligand behaves as a binegative tetradentate in [Cu₂(H₄EBC)Cl₂]·H₂O via the deprotonated (C=O)_carbonyl groups of the ethyl acetoacetate framework and the two (C=N)_azomethine groups. In the latter complex, the carbonyl group of the carbohydrazide moiety is converted to hydroxyl group. Cu (II) complex has a tetrahedral geometry according to ESR and electronic spectral data. The reaction of H₄EBC with SmCl₃·6H₂O or LnCl₃·7H₂O gave single crystals of abnormal product (C₁₆H₁₆N₄O₄). The packing diagram of this crystal has a chain structure. The photoluminescence spectra of [Cu ₂ (H ₄ EBC)Cl ₂ ]·H ₂ O , [Co(H ₄ EBC)Cl ₂ (H ₂ O) ₂ ]·2H ₂ O and [Ni(H ₄ EBC)Cl ₂ (H ₂ O)]·2H ₂ O display emission broad‐bands at 342, 321 and 337 nm, respectively. The microbial behavior of the synthesized moieties was investigated against various bacterial and fungal strains. [Cu₂(H₄EBC)Cl₂]·H₂O complex shows the same activity as ampicillin towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zones of 26 and 22 mm, respectively. Antioxidant activity is determined using bleomycin‐dependent DNA damage assay besides erythrocyte hemolysis. Finally, in vitro cytotoxic activities against two different cell lines have been examined.     

Thermally Stable and Organo-soluble Polyamides Containing Triazine Rings and Ether Linkages in the Main Chain: Synthesis and Characterization

In order to synthesize new polyamide(PA) 5 and copolyamides(Co PA) 7a-7d, a new-type of dicarboxylic acid containing triazine ring was successfully synthesized from 2,4-dichloro-6-methoxy-s-triazine 1 and 4-aminobenzoic acid. New polyamide 5 containing triazine moiety was prepared from 4,4'-(6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(azanediyl)dibenzoic acid 3 and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylether by direct polycondensation reaction. Then new series thermally stable copolyamides 7a-7d with high solubility in common organic solvents were synthesized from the direct polycondensation reaction of diacid 3 as a first monomer, aliphatic-aromatic diacids 6a-6d as second diacids and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylether. All of the above polymers were fully characterized by 1H-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis(CHN), inherent viscosity, solubility tests, gel permeation chromatography(GPC), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). The resulted Co PAs 7a-7d have shown good inherent viscosities, solubility and thermal properties.     

Detectability conditions for output-only subspace identification

ABSTRACT

The scope of output-only/blind identification is restricted to stochastic/statistical processes, but for the first time in this study, the detectability conditions for general output-only subspace identification are investigated. This aids the range of input sources to be extended in a much realistic manner, beyond the only stochastic inputs. For this purpose, the subspace framework is assigned to make a connection between the output signal contents and the LTI system order. A few substantial hypotheses and algebraic statements are propounded affirming the sufficiency of the genuine output sequences for the identification purpose. This can be perceived as the cornerstone of state-space model reconstruction. In order to consolidate the notions according to reality, several examples are studied and examined for different input classes with stochastic disturbance.     

Orthogonal polynomials and continued fractions arising from contiguous relations and generalizations of Kummer and q-Kummer identities

The Ramanujan Journal - In this paper, we show formally how can we generate continued fractions starting from three-term contiguous relations. Then as examples, starting from certain contiguous...