Attempts at new synthesis of 5,11 -Dihydro-6H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one

Attempting some new approaches to 5,11-dihyro-6H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one ( 6 ), compounds 8, 10 and 11 were prepared. Ring enlargement of 4 into 6 failed, as well as condensation of 10 and 11 into ID, which is the potential precursor of pirenzepin (11-[2′-(4″-methylpiperazin-1″-yl)]acetyl derivative of 6 ) via an envisaged intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction. Model compounds 5 and 13 were prepared and their behaviour in analogous reactions explained the failures of the intended transformations of 4 , as well as of condensation of 10 and 11 .     

Isometric artifacts from polymerase chain reaction-massively parallel sequencing analysis of short tandem repeat loci: An emerging issue from a new technology?

The recent introduction of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-massively parallel sequencing (MPS) technologies in forensics has changed the approach to allelic short tandem repeat (STR) typing because sequencing cloned PCR fragments enables alleles with identical molecular weights to be distinguished based on their nucleotide sequences. Therefore, because PCR fidelity mainly depends on template integrity, new technical issues could arise in the interpretation of the results obtained from the degraded samples. In this work, a set of DNA samples degraded in vitro was used to investigate whether PCR-MPS could generate “isometric drop-ins” (IDIs; i.e., molecular products having the same length as the original allele but with a different nucleotide sequence within the repeated units). The Precision ID GlobalFiler NGS STR panel kit was used to analyze 0.5 and 1 ng of mock samples in duplicate tests (for a total of 16 PCR-MPS analyses). As expected, several well-known PCR artifacts (such as allelic dropout, stutters above the threshold) were scored; 95 IDIs with an average occurrence of 5.9 IDIs per test (min: 1, max: 11) were scored as well. In total, IDIs represented one of the most frequent artifacts. The coverage of these IDIs reached up to 981 reads (median: 239 reads), and the ratios with the coverage of the original allele ranged from 0.069 to 7.285 (median: 0.221). In addition, approximately 5.2% of the IDIs showed coverage higher than that of the original allele. Molecular analysis of these artifacts showed that they were generated in 96.8% of cases through a single nucleotide change event, with the C > T transition being the most frequent (85.7%). Thus, in a forensic evaluation of evidence, IDIs may represent an actual issue, particularly when DNA mixtures need to be interpreted because they could mislead the operator regarding the number of contributors. Overall, the molecular features of the IDIs described in this work, as well as the performance of duplicate tests, may be useful tools for managing this new class of artifacts otherwise not detected by capillary electrophoresis technology.     

Experimental and theoretical analysis of bias ionization by?α-particles in a nitrogen laser

Nitrogen laser performance with TE configuration and wedge electrodes is analyzed with background ionization in the laser discharge channel by α particles at a low exposition rate. With the bias ionization, the laser power presents two peaks as a function of gas pressure, with one at the normal low pressure, without bias ionization, and the other at high pressure generated by bias ionization. A simple theoretical model has been developed in a trial to understand this behavior. This model was first tested in later results for a TE configuration nitrogen laser, with flat electrodes, without and with bias ionization. It has been observed that due to the competition between electrode shielding by positively charged α particles and bulk ionization by impact, the laser energy is suppressed with pressure below 50 Torr and enhanced above it.     

Infrared divergences and a non-local gauge for superspace Yang-Mills theory

The usual superspace approach to supersymmetric gauge theories suffers from problems with infrared divergences which greatly complicate multiloop calculations. We eliminate these divergences by introducing a non-local gauge-fixing term. In the background field method this term leads to unusual quantum-background interactions. Functional methods are presented for dealing with these interactions. As an example we compute the two-loop Yang-Mills β-function using the background field method in superspace. We also show how a non-local gauge can be used in ordinary, non-supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory.     

Limit analysis of circular and annular plates

Summary The problem of the plastic collapse load of circular and annular plates is dealt with. For simply supported and built-in edge plates, different loading conditions are considered and the annular plates are studied for varying geometries. The solutions obtained according to both Tresca's and Mises' yield conditions are exact in the sense of limit analysis.

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Zur Grenztragfähigkeits-Theorie bei Kreis- und Kreisringplatten

Übersicht Es werden Traglasten von Kreis- bzw. Kreisringplatten ermittelt. Dabei werden gelenkig gelagerte sowie eingespannte Kreisplatten bei verschiedener Belastung und Kreisringplatten bei verschiedener Geometrie betrachtet. Die mit Hilfe der Fließbedingungen nach Tresca bzw. v. Mises erhaltenen Lösungen sind exakt im Sinne der Grenztragfähigkeits-Theorie.

     

Spontaneous supersymmetry breaking in 1N leading order

We present a supersymmetric model, with only chiral superfields, invariant under an internal O(N) global symmetry. We show that, to leading order in $\text{1}\text{N}$, an auxiliary scalar field acquires a non-vanishing vacuum expectation value, that is, supersymmetry is spontaneously broken to this order of the approximation.     

About functional methods in superspace

A superfield functional formalism can be defined in such a way that one can easily parallel all the perturbative calculations of the conventional functional approach. As a byproduct of this functional formulation, we reobtain the class of superfield transformations with unit jacobian and we illustrate the fact that supersymmetric theories allow a non-local, non-linear superfield redefinition that leads to a quadratic action.     

Radio-frequency association of molecules: an assisted Feshbach resonance

We develop a theoretical model to describe the radio-frequency (rf) induced coupling of a pair of colliding atoms to a Feshbach molecule when a magnetic field arbitrarily far from the Feshbach resonance is modulated in time. We use the dressed atom picture, and show that the coupling strength in presence of rf is equal to the Feshbach coupling strength multiplied by the square of a Bessel function. The argument of this function is equal to the ratio of the atomic rf Rabi frequency to the rf frequency. We experimentally demonstrate this law by measuring the rate of rf-association of molecules using a Feshbach resonance in d wave collisions between ultra-cold chromium atoms.     

A new ternary Cu (II) complex with 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and NOO-type tridentate Schiff base ligand: Synthesis,crystal structure,biomacromolecular interactions,and radical scavenging activities

NOO-type tridentate Schiff base, N-salicylidene-2-aminobenzoic acid, (H₂L), and its ternary Cu (II) complex containing H₂L Schiff base and 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (4,7-dmphen), [Cu(4,7-dmphen)(H₂L)]₂7H₂O, have been synthesized and characterized by CHN analysis, ESI-MS, FTIR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The interaction of alone H₂L Schiff base ligand and ternary Cu (II) complex with biomacramolecules {calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA)} has been investigated by electronic absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The experimental results indicate that H₂L Schiff base ligand and ternary Cu (II) complex bind to CT-DNA by means of a moderate intercalation mode. Furthermore, the fluorescence quenching mechanism between H₂L Schiff base ligand and ternary Cu (II) complex with BSA possesses a static quenching process. Radical scavenging activity of H₂L Schiff base ligand and ternary Cu (II) complex was measured in terms of EC₅₀, using the DPPH and H₂O₂ methods. Biomacromolecule interactions and scavenging activity studies revealed that ternary Cu (II) complex yielded better results than H₂L Schiff base ligand alone.     

Direct measurement of fine structure changing collisional losses in cold trapped 85Rb

Using a technique that consists in ionizing atoms out of the 5P _1/2 fragments originated in the cold collision process, we have measured the contribution of the fine structure changing collision (FS) to the total trap loss rate of cold ⁸⁵Rb. Our results show that FS contribution is responsible for about 4% of the total trap loss. This result should stimulate new theoretical discussions involving exoergic cold collisions. Received 26 October 1998 and Received in final form 2 February 1999