Synthesis of β,β′-edge fused, π-extended porphyrins and their applications in the dye-sensitized solar cells

Four π-extended, β,β′ aromatic ring fused porphyrins including mono- and opp-dibenzoporphyrins bearing two carboxyl groups at only one fused benzo group were synthesized. The optical results by UV–vis spectroscopy indicate that when compared with the absorption spectra of monobenzoporphyrins, greater light-harvesting capabilities can be realized for opp-dibenzoporphyrins with two benzo group at the opposite β,β′ positions of the porphyrin. The photovoltaic properties of these π-extended porphyrins were examined for the first time and the highest conversion efficiency of 1.62% was realized for opp-dibenzoporphyrin 8a-sensitized solar cell, which is ∼60% higher than that of monobenzoporphyrin 4a based solar cell indicating the effect of an extra aromatic π conjugation on the light-harvesting capabilities of π-extended porphyrins. Subsequent DFT calculation results supported our results obtained in the optical and photovoltaic studies.     

[2,5‐Bis(2,2′‐bipyridyl‐6‐yl)‐3,4‐diazahexa‐2,4‐diene]dichloridomanganese(II): from a mononuclear compound to a three‐dimensional supramolecular framework through C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions

The title compound, [MnCl₂(C₂₄H₂₀N₆)], has been synthesized and characterized based on the multifunctional ligand 2,5‐bis(2,2′‐bipyridyl‐6‐yl)‐3,4‐diazahexa‐2,4‐diene (L). The Mn^II centre is five‐coordinate with an approximately square‐pyramidal geometry. The L ligand acts as a tridendate chelating ligand. The mononuclear molecules are bridged into a one‐dimensional chain by two C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds. These chains are assembled into a two‐dimensional layer through π–π stacking interactions between adjacent uncoordinated bipyridyl groups. Furthermore, a three‐dimensional supramolecular framework is attained through π–π stacking interactions between adjacent coordinated bipyridyl groups.     

以“偏光显微镜观察高聚物的球晶”为例的高分子物理实验项目改革

本文对高分子物理实验教学改革进行了思考,提出实验项目的建设应当成为实验教学改革的核心,而实验项目的改革不应当局限在将最新的科研成果引入到实验教学中。以"偏光显微镜观察聚合物的球晶"这一传统实验为例,更为有效的办法可以是通过系统化的设计扩展实验项目内容,注重实验项目实施过程中多知识点的串联以及实验结果获取过程的思维过程培养,从而将传统的验证性实验项目转化为综合性实验项目,有力提升实验教学的效果。     

Synthesis of carbon-coated LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4 materials via an aqueous rheological phase-assisted solid-state method

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Synthesis method is crucial to the improved electrochemical performances of LiMnPO4 materials with poor electronic and ionic conductivity for large-scale...     

[100]LiF单晶在60 GPa以内冲击加载下的高压屈服强度特性

获取光学窗口自身的高压强度特性是开展材料高压高应变率冲击响应行为精密测量和数据反演的重要基础。利用平板撞击和双屈服面法,通过冲击-卸载、冲击-再加载原位粒子速度剖面精细测量和数据反演,获得了约60 GPa范围内[100]LiF屈服强度特性随冲击压力的变化规律。结果表明:在实验压力范围内,[100]LiF的屈服强度随加载压力的提高而显著提高,压力硬化效应显著;同时,LiF在冲击加载下的屈服强度高于磁驱准等熵加载结果,应变率硬化效应强于热软化效应。采用Huang-Asay模型确定了可描述冲击加载[100]LiF强度特性的本构模型参数,为LiF在强度、相变、层断裂等加窗测量实验中的深入应用和数据准确解读提供了重要支撑。     

基于第一性原理的单层WS2热输运特性研究

二维WS₂是一种层状过渡金属硫化物,因其具有特殊的层状结构、可调带隙及稳定的物理化学性质而备受关注。结合玻尔兹曼输运方程(BTE)和密度泛函理论(DFT),利用第一性原理研究了单层WS₂声子的输运特性,分析了声子的谐性效应和非谐性效应对WS₂晶格热导率的影响机理,计算了其声子的临界平均自由程,提出通过调整阻断频率的方法来调控WS₂的晶格热导率。研究结果表明：单层WS₂在300 K时的本征晶格热导率为149.12 W/(m·K),且随温度的升高而降低;从各声子支对总热导率的贡献来看,声学声子支起主要作用,特别是纵向声学(longitudinal acoustic, LA)声子支对单层WS₂热导率的贡献百分比最大(44.28%);单层WS₂声学声子支和光学声子支之间的较大带隙(声光学声子支之间无散射)导致其具有较高的晶格热导率。本文研究可为基于单层WS₂纳米电子器件的设计和改进提供借鉴和理论指导。     

Determination of phenylureas herbicides in food stuffs based on matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction and capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection

A new method based on matrix solid phase dispersion-capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection (MSPD-CE-ECL) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of three kinds of phenylurea herbicides (PHUs). Poly-β-cyclodextrin (poly-β-CD) was used as an additive in the running buffer to improve the separation of three analytes. The conditions for CE separation, ECL detection and effect of poly-β-CD were investigated in detail. Under the optimal conditions, three kinds of herbicides (isoproturon, linuron and diuron) were well separated and detected within 8 min. The linear ranges of the standard solution for isoproturon and linuron were 1-300 μg L(-1) with a detection limit (S/N=3) of 0.1 μg L(-1), and for diuron was 2-500 μg L(-1) with a detection limit of 0.2 μg L(-1). The average recoveries were in the range of 86.9-102.8%, and all relative standard deviation of the migration time and the ECL intensity in intraday and interday were less than 9.0%. The proposed method was also applied to the determination of three kinds of herbicides in green vegetable and rice samples with recoveries in the range from 78.1 to 93.8%.     

利用分形法表征光学元件中高频相位畸变

针对神光Ⅲ主机装置使用的光学元件,基于分形理论,分析中高频相位畸变的统计分布特征,指出其满足分数布朗随机场,并利用结构函数法对分形维数进行计算,统计结果显示,大口径钕玻璃片的分形维数在2.34~2.43之间。利用局部稳态的随机中点位移法,提出一种新的表征光学元件相位的方法,将分形维数作为参数,可衡量中高频相位畸变,对高功率激光光学元件的评价有参考意义。     

激光触发开关的电参数测量

 为进行PTS装置单路样机激光触发开关的调试,设计安装了相应的电压电流探头。通过对比分析了探头测量结果,解释了开关出口D-dot电压探头波形畸变的原因,并运算得到了正确的波形。B-dot探头得到了与模拟结果符合的电流微分信号和电流信号。实验结果表明： D-dot探头适合MV量级的高电压脉冲测量,但当该探头工作在开关区时,设计中需要对比探头与被测电极以及其它电极的结构电容,只有满足结构电容远大于与其它高压电极的电容时,才能获得较真实的信号。如果结构设计中难以满足该要求,可以采用软件处理方法得到正确的波形。使用B-dot探头输出的电流微分信号可以较为准确地得到开关导通延迟时间,测量误差小于0.7 ns。     

箔聚焦强流相对论环形束在同轴波导中的传输

 结合箔聚焦和静电线聚焦的特点,对箔聚焦强流相对论环形电子束在同轴波导中的传输进行了研究。通过数值求解电势满足的泊松方程,得到电势、电场分布及系统的空间电荷限制流,并根据电子的运动方程得到包络电子的平衡条件及其运动轨迹。