Assessing the relationship between the inter-rod coupling and the efficiency of piezocomposite high-intensity focused ultrasound transducers

The electroacoustic conversion efficiency of the ultrasonic transducer is a critical performance index for high-power applications. The material properties, volume fraction (VF) and aspect ratio (AR) are typically regarded as the design parameters of the piezocomposite transducer. We hypothesized that the spacing between piezoelectric rods was also a dominant factor. Therefore, the inter-rod coupling effects on the efficiency of 1–3 piezocomposite ultrasonic transducers were investigated in this study. The efficiencies of six flat and three curved 1.0 MHz PZT4 epoxy composite transducers with different geometric parameters were measured. Finite element transient analyses of the inter-rod electrical-mechanical coupling in the composites were carried out to explain the measured results. The experimental results showed that for 0.47 AR, the 79% VF transducers had lower efficiency than the 64% VF and 53% VF transducers. For 0.19 AR, the efficiency of the 59% VF transducer was not greater than the efficiency of the 39% VF transducer. Numerical analyses demonstrated that the positive peak voltage induced by the coupling of the side rods was more than twice the level induced by the coupling of the diagonal rods for any spacing. The diagonal coupling voltage peak did not change for spacings larger than 0.2 mm. Moreover, for spacings of 0.05 and 0.1 mm, the inter-rod coupling caused 24% and 20% waveform shifts of the driving voltage, respectively, while the 0.2 mm spacing coupling caused a 14% reduction in the amplitude of the driving voltage. As a result, the asymmetry of the driving voltage degraded the efficiency of the composite transducers and became more severe when the spacing was decreased. We concluded that the efficiency loss induced by inter-rod coupling as a function of spacing should be considered when designing piezocomposite transducers.     

数字全息图取样模型的简化研究

数字全息研究领域目前存在两种不同的数字全息图取样模型.按照这两种模型进行研究时, 不但涉及较复杂的数学运算, 在许多情况下还会导致不同的研究结果, 不便于理论分析及实际应用.基于对数字全息图记录的物理过程分析及电荷藕合器件(charge coupled device, CCD)几何结构的研究, 本文将这两种取样模型简化为相同的数学表达式. 利用数字全息图的余弦级数展开及取样定理对简化模型的研究表明, 简化模型不但具有清晰的物理意义, 而且可以方便地为应用研究服务. 基于简化模型对物光波通过光学系统到达CCD的数字全息记录系统进行了研究, 导出得到实验证实的波前重建表达式. 关键词： 数字全息 波前重建 相干光成像     

石英亚沸蒸馏器蒸馏浓缩富集FAAS法同时测定自来水中的铅和镉

把分析测试工作中常用来制备高纯水的石英亚沸蒸馏器用于浓缩富集自来水中的铅、镉,并用火焰原子吸收光谱法对铅、镉进行测定.     

接枝聚合物对小分子的选择性吸附研究

文章应用密度泛函理论研究接枝于壁面的方阱链对二元小分子混合物的选择性吸附特性. 系统的Helmholtz剩余自由能泛函被表示为硬球排斥和方阱吸引两部分贡献之和,分别由硬球链流体状态方程和变阱宽方阱链流体状态方程的简单加权密度近似来进行计算. 用此理论方法,分别考察了接枝聚合物的结构性质,以及不同温度下接枝分子层对二元方阱流体的选择性吸附性能. 结果表明:分子刷厚度随接枝密度线性增长而随温度非线性增加,并且在高温下趋于饱和;在较低温度下,接枝聚合物刷能表现出很好的选择性吸附能力,当聚合物刷被加热到高于饱和温度时,该能力将大幅度地减弱. 关键词： 密度泛函理论 接枝聚合物 选择性吸附 方阱链     

绝对测温转动拉曼激光雷达分光系统设计及性能

为实现转动拉曼激光雷达的绝对测量温度技术,设计并测试了多通道转动拉曼分光系统.提出了一阶闪耀光栅与光纤Bragg光栅组成的两级并行多通道拉曼分光系统,优化了其核心级联器件(微米级光纤阵列)的参数及光路结构;仿真分析了一级分光系统的分光光路,转动拉曼谱线最大离心伸缩量约为0.0031 nm,离心伸缩比为0.69%;实验测试表明一级分光系统各转动拉曼通道的通道系数均在0.75以上,提取到拉曼光谱的实测中心波长与理论值的最大偏差约为0.0398 nm,偏离度为8.86%,可提供对弹性散射信号27 dB以上的有效抑制,结合已有光纤Bragg光栅二级分光实现高达62 dB弹性散射的抑制效果,可以实现对单条偶转动量子数转动拉曼谱线的精细光谱提取.     

微型超高压宝石喷嘴内部的空化与磨损

宝石喷嘴是影响超高压水射流切割系统工作效率的重要部件,而宝石内部的空化直接影响射流的形成,也是宝石磨损的重要原因之一。对400 MPa压力范围内宝石孔内部的空化两相流进行了数值模拟,阐述了射流在宝石内的形成过程,分析了长径比、压力和入口形状对宝石内空化的影响,并在相应压力下对宝石喷嘴的磨损进行了实验研究。结果表明:宝石内部的空化发展程度随着长径比的增大而减弱;在一定的长径比范围内,空化可以发展到喷嘴出口,并最终使射流的初始直径小于喷嘴直径,且在此条件下当压力升高时,射流的初始直径增大;良好的入口形线可以降低空化的发展程度;宝石入口的磨损较出口更显著,空蚀和高压水的冲蚀造成了宝石孔边缘形状的破坏,这种破坏随着压力的升高而加剧,选择合适的长径比是减少冲蚀磨损的有效途径。     

Generation of pair coherent state using weak cross-Kerr media

We firstly give a nonlocal method for generating pair coherent state with two traveling wave fields in distinct districts. The experimental scheme proposed is based on a two-mode photon number matching process, which employs weak cross-Kerr media and on/off detection. Then we discuss the details for implementing this scheme, showing that it is robust against the low quantum efficiency of photon detectors and offers nearly perfect pair coherent states. Finally, we show how a two-mode Schrödinger cat state and a generalized two-mode correlated photon number state can be prepared via this matching process.     

毛细喷孔超高速水射流的脉动及破碎

水切割射流的动力学特性的诸多方面尚未得到认识和理解。本文对毛细喷孔产生的超高压水射流展开可视化研究,分析了常规压力及超高压条件下毛细水射流的液体破碎机制并对超高压毛细射流的脉动现象进行了讨论。常规条件下的毛细射流遵从经典的破碎模式;在超高压条件下,射流完整段呈瑞利模式,完整段以下呈雾化破碎模式,射流集束性呈现周期性变化。结果表明,传统理论不能够表达小孔径时超高速毛细水射流的破碎特性;喷孔内部流动情况如流动分离及空化成为该条件下射流破碎和脉动的重要原因。     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Tianagliflozin Triacetate

The title compound tianagliflozin triacetate 1 was synthesized and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The crystal belongs to monoclinic system(C27H31ClO8,Mr = 518.97),space group P21 with a = 5.3913(11),b = 16.137(2),c = 15.411(3) ,β = 94.15(3)°,V = 1337.3(5) 3,Z = 2,Dc = 1.289 g/cm3,F(000) = 548,μ = 0.190 mm-1,the final R = 0.0374 and wR = 0.0809 for 3981 observed reflections(I 2σ(I)).The structure of 1,triacetate of a highly potent SGLT2 inhibitor tianagliflozin,was unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,which helped to confirm the desired β configuration at the anomeric center and the position where the deoxylation occurred.The two benzene rings in the lattice are basically orthogonal to each other.There are four intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the crystal,which helps to further stabilize the crystal.     

Crystal Structure of a Linear Ag(Ⅰ) Complex with Niflumic Acid and Its Fluorescent Property

A novel Ag(Ⅰ) complex AgH(Nifa)2 1 (C26H17AgF6N4O4, Mr = 671.31) was synthe- sized through hydrothermal reaction of Ag2SO4 and Niflumic acid (HNifa), and characterized by single-crystal X-ray determination, IR and fluorescent spectra. Crystal data for 1: monoclinic, space group C2/c, with a = 9.5446(16), b = 12.3203(16), c = 21.056 (3) (A), β = 98.075(2)o, V = 2451.5(6) (A)3, T = 293(2) K, Z = 4, Dc = 1.819 g/cm3, F(000) = 1336, μ = 0.912 mm-1, S = 1.001, (Δρ)min = -0.849, the final R = 0.0391 and wR = 0.1286. The local geometry around the central metal Ag(Ⅰ) ion is linear. Two carboxylic acids of neighboring ligands sharing one hydrogen atom by two hydro- gen bonds result in the formation of an infinite hydrogen-bonded chain. Solid-state fluorescence of 1 at room temperature shows that the maximal emission peak occurs in 439 nm.