Estimation of growth rate in unidirectionally solidified multicrystalline silicon by the growth-induced striation method

Multicrystalline silicon was grown by unidirectional solidification method using the accelerated crucible rotation technique. The application of the accelerated crucible rotation technique in unidirectional solidification method induced growth striations across the axial direction of the grown crystal. This striation pattern was observed from carbon concentration distribution, obtained by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The generated striation pattern was found to be weak and discontinuous. Some striations were absent, probably due to back melting, caused during each crucible rotation. From the growth striations and applied time period in crucible rotation, the growth rate was estimated by using Fourier transformation analysis.     

Integral Representations,Differentiability Properties and Limits at Infinity for Beppo Levi Functions

The first aim in the present paper is to give an integral representation for Beppo Levi functions on R ⁿ. Our integral representation is an extension of Sobolev's integral representation given for infinitely differentiable functions with compact support. As applications, continuity and differentiability properties of Beppo Levi functions are studied.Our second aim in this paper is to study the existence of limits at infinity for Beppo Levi functions. We also consider the existence of fine-type limits at infinity with respect to Bessel capacities, which yields the radial limit result at infinity.     

Complex impedance spectra of chip inductor using Li–Zn–Cu–Mn ferrite

A multi-layer chip inductor (MCI) was fabricated using polycrystalline Li–Zn–Cu–Mn ferrite and the green-sheet technique, and its complex impedance spectrum was evaluated with the help of numerical calculations. The complex impedance spectra of the MCI component using Ni–Zn–Cu ferrite, which have been widely used for this application, were very sensitive to the residual stress and deviated much from the calculated values; however, it was found that the complex impedance spectrum of the MCI component using Li–Zn–Cu–Mn ferrite is quite well reproduced by calculation, where the complex permittivity and permeability of the polycrystalline ferrite as well as the MCI dimensions, were used. It implied that the magneto-striction effect was negligible in case of MCI using Li–Zn–Cu–Mn ferrite, and that the difference was related to magneto-strictive coefficient of the polycrystalline ferrite. Consequently, utilization of Li–Zn–Cu–Mn ferrite enabled us to easily design the complex impedance of MCI component.     

Hydrolysis of acetals in water under hydrothermal conditions

A simple method for the hydrolysis of acetals and ketals was accomplished in neutral water or aqueous media by hydrothermal treatment without using acidic reagents. The deacetalization reaction was effectively accelerated in the presence of calcium chloride. Because no acidic catalysts were employed, neutralization of the reaction mixture was not necessary after the reaction. This sequence was successfully applied to the hydrolysis of chitosan, a biodegradable polyaminosaccharide.     

Design of a widely tunable laser with a chirped ladder filter

We theoretically investigated a digitally tunable laser with a chirped ladder filter and a ring resonator to obtain a wide wavelength tuning range covering the whole C- or L- band. The clear relation between the tuning range and laser structure, especially the ladder filter, is described analytically. The introduction of a chirped structure into a ladder filter is effective in achieving both wide tunability and a stable lasing mode. A numerical simulation based on multimode rate equations shows that a tuning range of over 40 nm and a mode suppression ratio over 40 dB can be achieved by introducing a chirped ladder filter.     

Studies on cardiac ingredients of plants. VII: Chemical transformation of proscillaridin by means of the Diels-Alder reaction and biological activities of its derivatives.

The Diels-Alder reactions of a cardiac glycoside, proscillaridin (1), with some dienophiles were investigated. The reaction of 1 with alkenes such as methyl vinyl ketone and methyl acrylate afforded 3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-enes (2-5) and para-substituted benzene derivatives (6 and 7), while 1 reacted with alkynes (3-butyn-2-one, methyl propiolate) to yield para- or meta-substituted benzene derivatives (6-9). The biological activities of the resulting derivatives were evaluated by the use of isolated guinea-pig papillary muscle preparations and Na+,K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) preparation from dog kidney. Among the proscillaridin derivatives, compounds 4 and 7 moderately inhibited Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity. Furthermore, the concentration range of 7 over which its positive inotropic effect on guinea-pig papillary muscle preparations, increased from 5% to 95% of maximum was broader than that of 1, i.e., concentration dependency was maintained over a greater range of concentration.     

Promiscuity in Antibody Catalysis: Esterolytic Activity of the Decarboxylase 21D8

The high structural similarity of decarboxylase antibody 21D8 and esterase antibody 48G7 suggests that 21D8 might also possess hydrolytic activity. Kinetic investigations show that 21D8 does promote the selective hydrolysis of methyl 4‐nitrophenyl carbonate and sodium 4‐(acetoxy)benzenesulfonate with catalytic proficiencies (k_cat/K_m)/k_un of ca. 10⁵ M ^?1. The ability of 21D8 to accelerate a reaction for which it was not developed suggests that certain antibody scaffolds are intrinsically predisposed toward catalysis, a property that can be enhanced and refined during affinity maturation in response to a transition‐state analog. At the same time, however, the restricted structural diversity of the immune system may ultimately limit the catalytic efficiency that can be achieved.     

Fiber-in-Tube Solid Phase Extraction (FIT-SPE) for Miniaturized Sample Preparation Process

A typical analytical separation procedure has several important steps: sample preparation, isolation, identification, quantitation, statistical evaluation and final decision. Each step is alwayscritical to obtain correct results to fulfill the analytical purpose. In these various steps sample