溶胶-凝胶法制备还原态K-Co-Mo催化剂的合成醇性能

应用溶胶-凝胶法制备了还原态K-Co-Mo催化剂, 比较了不同的组分和不同的反应条件对合成醇性能的影响。实验结果表明，适量钾和钴助剂的添加能显著提高催化剂合成醇的性能，尤其是提高了C2+醇的选择性。此外，反应温度、压力以及空速对合成醇影响明显，升高温度可以提高催化反应中低碳醇的收率，但选择性下降；增加压力和空速可以提高低碳醇的收率和选择性，对合成低碳醇有利。在230 ℃，6.0 MPa，14 400 h－1条件下，催化剂合成低碳醇的收率为375.4 g/kg·h，选择性为70.2%，C1OH/C2+OH为0.48。     

手性亚砜类药物的手性识别研究

以L-亮氨酸的衍生物二齿手性氨基醇为主体、氘代氯仿为溶剂、手性亚砜类药物奥美拉唑消旋体和兰索拉唑消旋体为客体,分别考察了主体对两种客体消旋体的手性识别能力,最大化学位移差值(ΔΔδ)分别达到28.5 Hz和14 Hz。     

CuO／CeO_2／γ－Al_2O_3催化剂的结构及氧物种

应用ＸＲＤ、ＥＳＲ及ＸＰＳ方法研究了ＣｕＯ／ＣｅＯ２／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的体相及表面结构，并对催化剂表面氧物种进行了表征．实验结果表明，ＣｅＯ２使Ｃｕ２＋还原为低价钢离子和增加钢化合物的分散性．催化剂中ＣｅＯ２含量高时，表面有Ｏ２－和Ｏ－物种，而ＣｅＯ２含量低时，只有Ｏ２－物种．     

聚（异丙基丙烯酰胺）-b-聚（4-乙烯基吡啶）胶束负载铂纳米粒子的温度响应性催化

嵌段共聚物聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)-b-聚(4-乙烯基吡啶)(PNPIAM-b-P4VP)在pH6.5的水溶液中自组装成,以聚(4-乙烯基吡啶)为胶束的核,以热响应聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)为胶束壳的球形胶束.通过与4VP基络合作用,将氯铂酸(H2PtCl6)导入胶束的核中,原位还原获得胶束负载2~4nm的铂纳米粒子的温度敏感型催化体系.结果显示,最低临界溶解温度(LCST)为33℃,在LCST以下,催化反应速率会随着温度的升高而提高;在LCST以上,PNPIAM嵌段变成疏水而塌缩在催化剂表面,阻碍了反应物的扩散,因此胶束负载的铂纳米粒子的催化活性会随着温度的上升而下降.     

Effect of Steam in CO2 Reforming of CH4over a Ni/CeO2–ZrO2–Al2O3 Catalyst

CO₂ reforming of CH₄ was carried out with and without steam over a Ni/CeO₂–ZrO₂–Al₂O₃ catalyst. The catalytic performance, amount of carbon deposit and the EXAFS of the Ni K-edge of samples were measured. The results show that when the catalyst is used for CO₂ reforming of CH₄ without the addition of steam, the catalyst gradually deactivates, however, addition of a small amount of steam to the feed gas can significantly inhibits the deactivation, which is due to the great suppression of coke formation on the catalyst during the reaction. The EXAFS result shows that, maybe due to the penetration of more carbon atoms into the Ni lattice, the coordination number of the nearest Ni–Ni of the sample after the reaction without steam reduces more than that of samples after the reaction with a small amount of steam in the feed gas.     

氧化态Co/γ-Al2O3催化剂的结构与反应性能研究Ⅰ. 活性及体相、表相结构表征

采用等量浸渍法, 制得500、 600、 750和950 ℃焙烧的Co/γ-Al2O3催化剂; 考察了它们对CO氧化和乙烯选择还原NO的反应性能; 用XRD和XPS方法表征了催化剂的体相与表相结构. 活性测试结果表明, 随焙烧温度升高, 样品对CO的氧化活性呈下降趋势; 对乙烯选择还原NO反应, 活性先上升, 而后又有所下降(当焙烧温度高于750 ℃时). 从硝酸钴制得的样品, 其氧化活性要高于从醋酸钴制得的样品, 但对乙烯选择还原NO, 后者的活性更好. 结构表征结果表明, 催化剂中钴物种的存在形式与原料盐类及焙烧温度密切相关. 在Co/γ-Al2O3催化剂中主要存在两种钴相, 即Co3O4和非化学计量的CoxAl(8/3-2x/3)O4尖晶石相, 前者为完全氧化活性中心, 后者是NO选择还原的活性中心. 在相同焙烧温度下, 以醋酸钴为原料时, 更容易形成CoxAl(8/3-2x/3)O4尖晶石相. 随着焙烧温度提高, 活性组分与载体的相互作用加强, Co3O4相逐步向CoxAl(8/3-2x/3)O4尖晶石相转化, 这可能是样品氧化活性下降和选择还原活性升高的主要原因. 在更高焙烧温度下, 随着CoxAl(8/3-2x/3)O4尖晶石相颗粒度的增加和晶形改变, 以及钴离子由表相向体相的迁移, 使样品比表面积下降, 表面氧空位及活性位减少, 从而导致样品对乙烯选择还原NO的活性下降.     

一种优化的节点不相交多径路由策略

移动Ad Hoc网络是一种新型的不依赖于固定设施实现通信的无线移动网络,其节点兼具主机和路由器的功能,适用于Ad Hoc网络的路由策略是目前广泛研究的核心问题之一。通过深入研究移动Ad Hoc网络中多径路由协议,以AOMDV算法为基础,提出了一种优化的节点不相交多径路由策略ONDMRP,     

Catalysis of SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 nanometer solid superacid

Superacid catalyst SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 was applied in esterification of Acetic Acid and Butanol. The particle size of ZrO2 in the catalyst was about 12.5 nm. In catalyst preparation conditions, the effect factor order on catalytic activity is H2SO4 concentration ＞ calcination temperature ＞ ZrO2 supported content. The optimum preparation condition is as follows: ZrO2 content 3.5g/g; calcination temperature 600℃, and H2SO4 concentration 0.5mol/L. The catalytic activity is 96.5 vol%.SO42-/MxOy solid superacid is a kind of green catalyst, whose application perspective is bright. In this paper, SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 solid superacid was prepared with nanometer compound carrying method. The acidic strength of catalysts was measured with the following Hammett indicators, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (H0=-14.52) and p-nitrochlorobenzene (H0=-12.70). Catalytic activity was evaluated with esterification reaction of Acetic Acid and Butanol. Reaction temperature was at 105℃, and reaction time was only 1h. The conversion rate of Acetic Acid was analyzed by a gas chromatograph (GC-14C SHIMADZU in Japan)The experimental results showed that H2SO4 concentration had more influences on catalytic activity than other two factors, calcination temperature and ZrO2 supported content. Since sulfur absorbed on the surface of metal oxides is necessary to the acidity of SO42-/MxOy solid superacid,H2SO4 concentration in impregnation solution is needed enough high. But, it can't be too much high,otherwise, Zirconium sulfate formed on the catalyst surface will be harmful influences on catalytic activity. In researched cover, 0.5mol/L H2SO4 concentration is the most suitable, and the catalyst prepared with this concentration has very strong acidity.The optimum preparation condition is as follows: ZrO2 content 3.5g/g; calcination temperature 600℃, and H2SO4 concentration 0.5mol/L. In the catalyst prepared with above conditions, the acidic strength (H0) of the catalyst is smaller than ＜-14.52, and catalytic activity is 96.5 vol%. When it was re-used in esterification reaction, catalytic activity decreased gradually with re-used times increasing(seen in Table 1). But after catalyst is used repeatedly up to five times, catalytic activity (84.3 vol %)is still higher than that of H2SO4 catalyst.The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that ZrO2 supported in TiO2 belonged tetragonal zirconia phases. Through the calculation of Scherrer formula, the particle size of ZrO2 in the catalyst is about 12.5 nm. After SO42- promoted nanometer ZrO2/TiO2 compound carrier, the diffraction peaks of tetragonal zircoma become broader and the strength weaker. It shows that adding SO4 ions restrains the crystallization of ZrO2, diminishes the size of particles. This might be why SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 has high catalytic activity and stability in acidic catalysis reaction.     

干贝水分含量可视化检测方法的研究

水分含量影响干贝的口感、质地等品质特征,而且与其贮存期密切相关。应用高光谱成像与检测技术结合化学计量学方法,实现干贝水分含量的快速检测。实验采用高光谱成像系统采集380～1 030 nm波段范围内的高光谱图像,采集得到6个不同干燥时期共90个干贝样本高光谱图像。提取所有样本感兴趣区域的平均光谱数据,采用连续投影算法(SPA)和权重回归系数法(B_w)分别提取了7个和4个特征波长。基于所提取的特征波长和全波长分别建立光谱数据与水分含量的偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)模型,三种模型分别是SPA-PLSR,B_w-PLSR和PLSR。建模集和预测集相关系数都高于0.95,预测均方根误差都低于10%,三种模型均获得了较好的预测效果,都能很好地预测干贝的水分含量。在所有模型中,SPA-PLSR模型具有较少的波长变量和较高的预测能力(97.28%),因此本文基于SPA-PLSR模型,采用伪彩色图像编程技术实现了干贝图像上每个像素点的水分含量的可视化预测。结果表明,高光谱成像技术结合特征波长提取算法可用于干贝水分含量分布的可视化检测。     

制备条件对Pd催化剂上C3H6选择性还原NO性能的影响

采用浸渍法和溶胶凝胶法,制备了Pd/AI2O3和Pd/AI2O3-CeO2样品,并测定了不同温度焙烧后催化剂的物相、比表面积及对丙烯选择性还原NO的活性。对于Pd/AI2O3,随着焙烧温度的提高,其NO的最大转化率逐渐下降,对应的反应温度在290－310℃左右,而溶胶凝胶法制备的样品活性略高于浸渍法制备的样品;对于Pd/AI2O3-CeO2,经600℃焙烧后,其NO的最大转化率为22％,900℃焙烧的催化剂样品上NO的最大转化率达到40％左右,对应的反应温度也逐渐下降,说明活性随焙烧温度的提高而明显提高,溶胶凝胶法和浸渍法制备的样品结果很接近,浸渍法制备了若干不同Pd负载量的Pd/AI2O3样品,活性测定的结果表明,Pd含量在0．5％左右的催化剂样品中具有最高的活性。