This paper is dedicated to the study of adaptive input-to-state stable synchronization of uncertain time-delay Lur'e systems with exterior interference. With the help of the Lyapunov function approach, a sufficient condition for the input-to-state stability of the synchronization-error system is derived, which is theoretically less conservative than a previously reported criterion in the absence of parameter uncertainties. On the basis of the present condition, a co-design of the feedback gain and estimates of the uncertain parameters is given to determine the desired adaptive synchronization controller. Finally, an example with simulations is provided to demonstrate the applicability and superiority of the analysis and design strategies. 相似文献
Pd0‐catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck reactions traditionally exhibit poor reactivity with polysubstituted, unbiased alkenes. Intermolecular reactions with simple, all‐carbon tetrasubstituted alkenes are unprecedented. Herein we report that pendant carboxylic acids, combined with bulky monophospine ligands on palladium, can direct the arylation of tri‐ and tetrasubstituted olefins. Quaternary carbons are established at high Fsp3 attached‐ring junctures and the carboxylate directing group can be removed after coupling. Carboxylate directivity prevents over‐arylation of the new, less substituted alkene, which can be diversified in subsequent reactions. 相似文献
Lauric acid (LA) impregnates in carbon nanotubes (CNTs), resulting in nano-encapsulated phase change materials (PCMs). TEM and DSC results both indicate that the filling of LA into CNTs is realized by the vacuum infiltration method. A further study of nano-encapsulated PCMs at the molecular level is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. From the axial view of CNTs, LA molecules always keep a circular distribution inside CNTs with a radius of about 4.8 Å. The analysis on radial distribution function, the end-to-end distance and the torsion angle simultaneously verifies that the order degree of LA molecules is improved due to the nano-confined effect of CNTs. The diffusion coefficient of LA is enhanced in CNTs. The energy flux and thermal conductivity of LA molecules in CNTs are higher than those of pure LA at the same temperature. These results fully indicate the heat and mass transfer of LA in CNTs could be enhanced. The current research could contribute to a deep understanding nanoscale thermal science and to potential application in heat dissipation of nanodevices.
In this paper, 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate(APB), a amidobisphophonate was synthesized and labeled with
the α-emitter 211At by an indirect method using N-succinimidyl 5-(tributylstannyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylate (SPC) as a bi-functional linker, and
the conjugated amidobisphophonate (211At-SAPC-APB) was preliminarily evaluated in vitro and in vivo by comparison with free astatide (211At−) and 99mTc-MDP. 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate(APB) was prepared using β-alanine as the starting material. With SPC
bi-functional linker, APB was conjugated with 211At in a labeling yield of 80–90% with radiochemical purity of more than 99%. The conjugated amidobisphophonate (211At-SAPC-APB) exhibited considerable stability in vitro, in that the radiochemical purity of 211At-SAPC-APB was still more than 98% in 0.1 mol/L PBS (pH 7.6) or in fetal calf serum, even stayed for 24 h at room temperature
(RT). Biodistribution of 211At-SAPC-APB was investigated in NIH strain mice by I.V injection. The results showed that 211At-SAPC-APB could rapidly locate in shank, with the maximum uptake of 23.70 ± 2.29% I.D/g at 6 h, earlier than that of 99mTc-MDP at 12 h, and stayed in the bone for long time. Moreover, 211At-SAPC-APB uptake in some key organs or tissues, especially in thyriod, stomach, lung and spleen, was much less than that
of free astatide (211At−), implying that 211At-SAPC-APB was constantly stable in vivo as well as in vitro. These results indicated that 211At-SAPC-APB will be a suitable candidate for the targeted radiotherapy of bone metastases and should be further investigated. 相似文献