关于随机变量期望方差的两个注记

文献[1]中给出了有关条件期望与三个随机变量独立的两个充要条件,本文通过几个反例说明其充分性是不成立的.分析了文献[4]中一个定理证明存在的错误,并给出了新的证明.     

Asymptotic Behavior of a Stochastic Predator-prey Model with Beddington-DeAngelis Functional Response and L\'{e}vy Jumps

A stochastic two-prey-one-predator model with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response and L\''{e}vy jumps is proposed and investigated in this paper. First of all, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution, and stochastic ultimate boundedness of the solution. Next, under a simple assumption, by using It\^{o} formula and other important inequalities, some sufficient conditions are established to ensure the extinction and persistence in the mean of the system. The results show that neither strong white noise nor L\''{e}vy noise is conducive to the persistence of the population. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by numerical simulations.     

Bottom‐Up Construction and Reversible Structural Transformation of Supramolecular Isomers based on Large Truncated Tetrahedra

A rational synthetic strategy to construct two supramolecular isomers based on polyoxovanadate organic polyhedra with tetrahedral symmetries is presented. VMOP‐α , a low‐temperature product, has an extremely large cell volume (470 842 ų), which is one of the top three for well‐defined MOPs. The corner‐to‐corner packing of tetrahedra leads to a quite low density of 0.174 g cm^?3 with 1D channels (ca. 5.4 nm). The effective pore volume is up to 93.6 % of cell volume, nearly the largest found in MOPs. For the high‐temperature outcome, VMOP‐β , the cell volume is only 15 513 ų. The packing mode of tetrahedra is corner‐to‐face, giving rise to a high‐density architecture (1.324 g cm^?3; channel 0.8 nm). Supramolecular structural transformation between VMOP‐α and VMOP‐β can be reversibly achieved by temperature‐induced solvent‐mediated transformation. These findings give a good opportunity for understanding 3D supramolecular aggregation and crystal growth based on large molecular tectonics.     

First-principles prediction of crystal structure and physical properties of ScB3

The crystal structure of ScB₃ is seeked by combining the developed particle swarm optimisation algorithm for crystal structure prediction with first-principles calculations. A new monoclinic phase with the C2/m symmetry is predicted successfully, which is energetically more superior to the early reported R-3m-, P2₁/m-, P6₃/mmc-, P-6m2-, Pnma-, and Pm-3m-type structures in the pressure range from 0 to 100?GPa. The obtained elastic constants and phonon dispersion curve reveal that the C2/m-ScB₃ is mechanically and dynamically stable. The predicted large bulk module, high shear modulus, small Poisson’s ratio as well as the considerable hardness indicate that the C2/m-ScB₃ has outstanding mechanical property. Meanwhile, the dependences of the bulk modulus and Young’s modulus of ScB₃ on the crystal orientation are investigated theoretically. Through applying the strain–stress method, the ideal tensile and shear strengths along different crystal directions are also estimated, and the obtained results confirm that the shear mode dominates the failure mode in the C2/m-ScB₃ structure and it is intrinsically a hard material. The electronic structure calculation and chemical bonding analysis illustrate that the strong covalent B-B and Sc-B bonds are responsible for its structural stability and high hardness.     

巯基乙酸锑(Ⅲ)配合物合成与晶体结构

以三氧化二锑和巯基乙酸在水溶液中反应合成了配合物HSb(SCH2COO)2,并通过元素分析、红外光谱、X射线粉末衍射进行了表征,利用单晶X射线四圆衍射法测定了晶体结构,结果表明该配合物晶体属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,晶胞参数为:a=1.40005(8)nm,b=1.19121(8)nm,c=1.23588(8)nm,β=126.822(1)°,V=1.6499(2)nm^3,Dc=2.439g·cm^-3,Z=8,R1=0.0250。并对X射线粉末衍射数据进行了指标化,其结果与单晶数据吻合。     

一种钆硼酸盐Rb2LiGdB2O6的结构、合成及光学性质

在Rb2 CO3-Li2 CO3-Gd2 O3-H3 BO3体系中,用自发结晶的方法获得了一种钆硼酸盐Rb2 LiGdB2 O6(RLGBO)单晶,同时,用固相合成法获得了RLGBO粉末多晶.单晶结构解析表明,RLGBO属于正交晶系,Pbcm空间群,晶胞参数a=7.0259(3)?,b=9.6103(4)?,c=10.0562(4)?和z=4.热学性质表明,RLGBO在840℃下保持良好的热稳定性.在RLGBO中分别掺杂2;的Ce3+,80;的Eu3+和50;的Tb3+之后,其结构不会发生改变.在紫外光及近紫外光激发下,RLGBO:Ce3+,RLGBO:Eu3+和RLGBO:Tb3+可分别发射蓝光,红光和绿光.结果表明,RLGBO化合物可作为发光物质的基质材料.     

Assay of histamine by nano-liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with a packed nanoelectrospray emitter

A nano-liquid chromatographic /tandem mass spectrometric (nanoHPLC/MS/MS) method has been developed for the sensitive determination of histamine, a vital neurotransmitter. The method involved pre-column derivatization of histamine with 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD-F), thus increasing the hydrophobicity of the analyte and allowing it to be retained and stacked on a nanoelectrospay emitter packed with C18 reversed-phase particles. Sodium 1-heptanesulfonate, added as an ion-pairing reagent in the mobile phase for sample loading, was found to facilitate greatly the analyte retention. The packed nanoelectrospray emitter was easily prepared using fused-silica capillary of 75 microm i.d., and included creating an electrospray emitter tip and then slurry-packing a 5 cm long column with 5 microm silica-based particles. After sample loading, the mobile phase was changed for separation and a characteristic precursor-to-product ion transition, m/z 275 --> 258, was used for the quantification. A linear calibration curve in the range from 1.0-100 ng/mL histamine with an r2 value of 0.9995 was obtained. The detection limit was estimated to be 0.1 ng/mL histamine in water. In a preliminary validation, the method was applied to determine histamine in alcoholic beverages and rat brain tissues.     

Gene Cloning,Expression, and Characterization of a Family 51 α-<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-Arabinofuranosidase from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces</Emphasis> sp. S9

An α-l-arabinofuranosidase gene, abf51S9, was cloned from Streptomyces sp. S9 and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The full-length gene consisted of 1,506 bp and encoded 501 amino acids with a calculated mass of 55.2 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence was highly homologous with the α-l-arabinofuranosidases belonging to family 51 of the glycoside hydrolases. The recombinant protein was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and subsequently characterized. The optimal pH and temperature for the recombinant enzyme were 6.0 and 60∼65 °C, respectively. The enzyme showed a broad pH range of stability, retaining over 75% of the maximum activity at pH 5.0 to 11.0. The specific activity, K _m, and V _max with p-nitrophenyl-α-l-arabinofuranoside as substrate were 60.0 U mg⁻¹, 1.45 mM, and 221 μmol min⁻¹ mg⁻¹, respectively. Abf51S9 showed a mild but significant synergistic effect in combination with xylanase on the degradation of oat-spelt xylan and soluble wheat arabinoxylan substrates with a 1.19- and 1.21-fold increase in the amount of reducing sugar released, respectively. These favorable properties make Abf51S9 a good candidate in various industrial applications.     

流动注射-氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定雪中的微量铅

建立了测定雪中微量铅的流动注射-氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法。在优化条件下。测定铅的线性范围为0～52．0ng／mL，线性回归方程为A=0．018c 0．016，相关系数r=0．9995，检出限为0．2ng／mL。用于雪中微量铅的测定，加标回收率为94．2％～107．3％，相对标准偏差为1．47％～3．22％。该方法的测定结果与标准加入法基本一致。     

Selective cleavage of protonated penetratin and its substitutes under low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation condition

An understanding of the dissociation of penetratin is important for improving its metabolic stability and cargo‐delivery efficiency. In this study, we describe the selective cleavage of the K15–K16 amide bond of penetratin under the low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation condition in mass spectrometry. A variety of penetratin substitutes have been studied in which key basic amino acids have been substituted within the sequence. The calculated structure indicates that an α‐helix structure prevents the fragmentation of the central peptide domain and the side chain of lysine is involved in the proton translocation process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.