Production of a humanized Fab fragment of a neutralizing antibody against rabies virus

This paper describes the production of a functional humanized Fab fragment of a neutralizing antibody against the rabies virus. It is a prototype of a therapeutic agent that could be an alternative to equine anti-rabies immunoglobulins and anti-rabies serum immunoglobulins obtained from the blood of vaccinated human donors. Variable fragments of the high-affinity light and heavy chains neutralizing an antibody against the rabies virus were cloned and sequenced. Mouse constant regions were replaced by human constant regions followed by expression of the humanized Fab fragments in a yeast expression system. The immunochemical properties of the Fab fragments were evaluated using ELISA, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the Western blot assay. The binding capability of the produced humanized Fab fragments surpasses that of the parental antibody. A high degree of humanization was confirmed using sera against human immunoglobulins. The yield of the humanized Fab fragments was 21 mg per liter of culture medium. The purified Fab fragment preparation did not contain traces of the isolated light and heavy chains of the humanized Fab fragments.     

Supersonic ideal-gas flow of in the throat region of a nozzle

The problem of profiling a supersonic nozzle with uniform outlet flow is considered when the contour is constructed from a point on a given convergent section of the nozzle. It is shown that there are contours such that the flow in the throat is supersonic in choked regimes (as distinct from common notions of mixed or uniform sonic flow). The influence of flow nonuniformity in the throat region on the thrust of a supersonic nozzle is analyzed.Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 3, pp. 132–139, May–June, 1996.     

Choking of ideal-gas flow in convergent nozzles and integral nozzle characteristics

The results of a numerical and theoretical investigation of the local and integral characteristics of convergent nozzles are presented. It is shown that self-similar (choked) nozzle flow, when the gas flow rate does not depend on the external pressure, may occur at subcritical values of the pressure ratio _c . If the nozzle contour consists of the contour of the conical nozzle and the convergent part corresponds to the boundary of the emerging jet, then on a certain interval of _c this nozzle will have a higher thrust coefficient than the initial conical nozzle.Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 6, pp. 149–157, November–December, 1994.     

The Nature of Copper(II) Complexes in the Transition Layer of Thiokol Sealant-Brass Adhesive Joint

Copper(II) complexes formed in the interphase area between Thiokol-epoxy adhesive and brass support were studied using the method of the envelope of modulation of the electron spin echo.     

Inviscid gas flow in a nozzle with a bend in the contour ahead of the throat

Two possible regimes of inviscid gas flow in a nozzle with a convex angle-type contour ahead of the throat are described, namely, the regimes with the choking in a cross-section passing through the angle vertex and in the throat, respectively. The conclusions are supported by numerical results obtained using a time-dependent method based on the Godunov-Kolgan finite-difference scheme.Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 1, pp. 130–136, January–February, 1995.     

Inviscid gas flows in nozzles with a steeply converging contour

Inviscid gas flows in nozzles with a uniform exit flow and contours profiled starting from the lower point of a steeply converging region with an angle θ = −90° are analyzed. It is shown that there exists a class of convergent-divergent contours, within which the flow is characterized by the fact that the line θ = 0 of zero angle of the velocity vector inclination to the x axis consists of two oppositely-directed regions located partially or even completely ahead of the minimum section, while near the minimum sections their regions convex inward the gas stream are in decelerated flow. The minimum sections of the nozzles with M _e → 1 approach the center of the nozzle from the right.