A Perspective: the Technical Barriers of Zn Metal Batteries

Energy storage will witness a leap of understanding of new battery chemistries.Considering the safety that cannot be compromised,new aqueous batteries may surface as the solutions to meet the immense market needs,where the growth of renewables is no longer limited by the lack of storage.Aqueous Zn-metal batteries are intriguing candidates to deliver the desirable properties and exhibit competitive levelized energy cost.However,the fact that most commercial Zn batteries are primary batteries states the difficulty of reversibility for the reactions of electrodes in such batteries.This article will highlight the practical needs that guide the development of storage batteries.The causes of irreversibility for both cathode and zinc metal anode are discussed,and the potential solutions for these challenges are summarized.Zn metal batteries may one day address the storage needs,and there exists a vast potential to further improve the properties of reactions in this battery.     

Synthesis and nematicidal evaluation of 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one derivatives containing piperazine as linker against Meloidogyne incognita

To explore new skeleton with nematicidal activity, a series of novel 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one derivatives containing piperazine as linker were synthesized and varied fragments were also introduced to increase structure diversity of thenew skeleton.     

Strengthening Aqueous Electrolytes without Strengthening Water

Aqueous electrolytes typically suffer from poor electrochemical stability; however, eutectic aqueous solutions—25 wt.% LiCl and 62 wt.% H₃PO₄—cooled to −78 °C exhibit a significantly widened stability window. Integrated experimental and simulation results reveal that, upon cooling, Li⁺ ions become less hydrated and pair up with Cl⁻, ice-like water clusters form, and H⋅⋅⋅Cl⁻ bonding strengthens. Surprisingly, this low-temperature solvation structure does not strengthen water molecules’ O−H bond, bucking the conventional wisdom that increasing water's stability requires stiffening the O−H covalent bond. We propose a more general mechanism for water's low temperature inertness in the electrolyte: less favorable solvation of OH⁻ and H⁺, the byproducts of hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. To showcase this stability, we demonstrate an aqueous Li-ion battery using LiMn₂O₄ cathode and CuSe anode with a high energy density of 109 Wh/kg. These results highlight the potential of aqueous batteries for polar and extraterrestrial missions.     

A Dual Plating Battery with the Iodine/[ZnIx(OH2)4−x]2−x Cathode

Plating battery electrodes typically deliver higher specific capacity values than insertion or conversion electrodes because the ion charge carriers represent the sole electrode active mass, and a host electrode is unnecessary. However, reversible plating electrodes are rare for electronically insulating nonmetals. Now, a highly reversible iodine plating cathode is presented that operates on the redox couples of I₂/[ZnI_x(OH₂)_4?x]^2?x in a water‐in‐salt electrolyte. The iodine plating cathode with the theoretical capacity of 211 mAh g^?1 plates on carbon fiber paper as the current collector, delivering a large areal capacity of 4 mAh cm^?2. Tunable femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy coupled with DFT calculations elucidate a series of [ZnI_x(OH₂)_4?x]^2?x superhalide ions serving as iodide vehicles in the electrolyte, which eliminates most free iodide ions, thus preventing the consequent dissolution of the cathode‐plated iodine as triiodides.     

基于手征微扰理论构建相对论重子-重子相互作用(英文)

介绍了两个近期基于协变手征微扰理论构建领头阶核子-核子和超子-核子相互作用的工作。理论中未知的低能常数通过拟合核子-核子和超子-核子散射实验数据确定。分析发现,在对散射数据的描述上,领头阶相对论手征力可以媲美次领头阶非相对论手征核力。研究表明,构建相对论手征重子-重子相互作用技术上是可行的。得到的相互作用不仅可以为相对论核结构及反应研究提供重要的理论输入,而且可以进一步加深对低能强相互作用的认识。In this paper, we report on two recent studies of relativistic nucleon-nucleon and hyperonnucleon interactions in covariant chiral perturbation theory, where they are constructed up to leading order. The relevant unknown low energy constants are fixed by fitting to the nucleon-nucleon and hyperon-nucleon scattering data. It is shown that these interactions can describe the scattering data with a quality similar to their next-to-leading order non-relativistic counterparts. These studies show that it is technically feasible to construct relativist baryon-baryon interactions, and in addition, after further refinements, these interactions may provide important inputs to ab initio relativistic nuclear structure and reaction studies and help improve our understanding of low energy strong interactions.     

Strategic synthesis of SBA-15 nanorods

A simple synthesis of homogeneously sized, ordered mesoporous silica nanorods (SBA-15), spanning about 10 porous channels in width and ranging from 300 to 600 nm in length is reported.     

Challenges Facing Lithium Batteries and Electrical Double‐Layer Capacitors

Energy‐storage technologies, including electrical double‐layer capacitors and rechargeable batteries, have attracted significant attention for applications in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, bulk electricity storage at power stations, and “load leveling” of renewable sources, such as solar energy and wind power. Transforming lithium batteries and electric double‐layer capacitors requires a step change in the science underpinning these devices, including the discovery of new materials, new electrochemistry, and an increased understanding of the processes on which the devices depend. The Review will consider some of the current scientific issues underpinning lithium batteries and electric double‐layer capacitors.