Pt Nanoparticle‐modified Carbon Fiber Microelectrode for Selective Electrochemical Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide

We report a simple approach to the production of carbon fiber‐based amperometric microbiosensors for selective detection of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), which was achieved by electrometallization of carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMs) by electrodeposition of Pt nanoparticles. The Pt‐carbon hybrid sensing interface provided a sensitivity of 7711±587 μA ? mM^?1 ? cm^?2, a detection limit of 0.53±0.16 μM (S/N=3), a linear range of 0.8 μM–8.6 mM, and a response time of <2 sec. The morphologies of the Pt nanoparticle‐modified CFMs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. To achieve selectivity, permseletive layers, polyphenylenediamine (PPD) and Nafion, were deposited resulting in exclusion of the anionic and cationic interferents, ascorbic acid and dopamine, respectively, at their physiologically relevant concentrations. The resultant sensors displayed a sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide of 1381±72 μA ? mM^?1 ? cm^?2, and a detection limit of 0.86±0.19 μM (S/N=3). This simple and rapid metallization method converts carbon fiber microelectrodes, which are readily accessible, to microscale Pt electrodes in 2 min, providing a platform for oxidase‐based amperometric biosensors with improved spatial resolution over more commonly used platinum electrode array microprobes.     

离子交换树脂对蔗渣水解液中木糖与阿拉伯糖的色谱分离研究

筛选了一种能较好分离木糖和阿拉伯糖的树脂填料-钙离子型005×7离子交换树脂,并对其色谱分离工艺进行优化,该树脂对蔗渣水解液中的木糖和阿拉伯糖的最佳分离条件为:样品锤度30oBx,流速1.6mL/min,上载量为10mL,分离温度为50℃。以此分离条件对蔗渣水解液中的木糖和阿拉伯糖进行分离,分离度为0.482,收集不同级分,可以得到纯度较高的木糖和阿拉伯糖。     

蔗汁酒精废液色素的提取及其抗氧化活性研究

针对蔗汁酒精废液中含有的大量色素物,采用大孔树脂吸附提取色素,对蔗汁酒精废液中色素的提取工艺及其抗氧化活性进行了研究。通过静态吸附实验筛选出吸附树脂D101及对应的洗脱溶剂乙醇。最佳流速为3BV/h,最佳洗脱条件为40%的乙醇在pH6～7范围内进行洗脱。经测定,色素的黄酮含量为茶多酚的27.2%,但对自由基的抑制率却为茶多酚的88.06%,表明蔗汁酒精废液中提取的色素具有较高的抗氧化活性。     

Single-molecule detection using continuous wave excitation of two-photon fluorescence

Two-photon fluorescence (TPF) is one of the most important discoveries for biological imaging. Although a cw laser is known to excite TPF, its application in TPF imaging has been very limited due to the perceived low efficiency of excitation. Here we directly excited fluorophores with an IR cw laser used for optical trapping and achieved single-molecule fluorescence sensitivity: discrete stepwise photobleaching of enhanced green fluorescent proteins was observed. The single-molecule fluorescence intensity analysis and on-time distribution strongly indicate that a cw laser can generate TPF detectable at the single-molecule level, and thus opens the door to single-molecule TPF imaging using cw lasers.     

Microemulsion synthesis, characterization of highly visible light responsive rare Earth-doped bi(2) o(3)

In this paper, Bi₂O₃ and rare earth (La, Ce)‐doped Bi₂O₃ visible‐light‐driven photocatalysts were prepared in a Triton X‐100/n‐hexanol/cyclohexane/water reverse microemulsion. The resulting materials were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, photoluminescence spectra (PLS) and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The XRD patterns of the as‐prepared catalysts calcined at 500°C exhibited only the characteristic peaks of monoclinic α‐Bi₂O₃. PLS analysis implied that the separation efficiency for electron‐hole has been enhanced when Bi₂O₃ was doped with rare earth. UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurements presented an extension of light absorption into the visible region. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by degradation of methyl orange (MO) and 2,4‐dichlorophenol (2,4‐DCP). The results displayed that the photocatalytic activity of rare earth‐doped Bi₂O₃ was higher than that of dopant‐free Bi₂O₃. The optimal dopant amount of La or Ce was 1.0 mol%. And the mechanisms of influence on the photocatalytic activity of the catalysts were discussed.     

Effect of oxygen-containing functional groups on the impedance behavior of activated carbon-based electric double-layer capacitors

The surface chemistry of activated carbon was treated with sulfuric acid and hydrogen to analyze the oxygen-containing functional groups on the impedance behavior of electric double-layer capacitors. Based on the electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS), an equivalent circuit model was proposed considering the kinetic and charge transfer characteristics, and Marquardt fit procedure was applied to the EIS data. The simulated results indicate that the oxidation treatment made the ionic resistance within the pore of carbon electrode decrease, and the ion diffusion coefficients significantly increase, which leads to improvement of power capability of the carbon electrode.     

Microemulsion synthesis, characterization of bismuth oxyiodine/titanium dioxide hybrid nanoparticles with outstanding photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation

Reverse microemulsions, consisting of n-hexanol, Triton X-100, Cyclohexane and aqueous salt solutions, were used to synthesize BiOI, TiO₂ and BiOI/TiO₂ hybrid nanoparticles at room temperature. The particles had been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, FT-IR spectra, TG-DSC analysis, nitrogen sorption, electron microscopy, and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic properties of those particles were evaluated by degradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation. The BiOI/TiO₂ composites showed about 5 times higher photocatalytic performances than BiOI when the mole ratio of BiOI to TiO₂ was 75%. The remarkable enhancement in the visible light photocatalytic activities of the BiOI/TiO₂ heterostructures could be first attributed to the effective electron-hole separations at the interfaces of the two semiconductors, which facilitated the transfer of the photoinduced carriers. Meanwhile, the heterojunction formed between BiOI and TiO₂ would further retard the recombination of photoinduced carriers. In addition, high degree of crystallization, bimodal porous structure, relative large specific surface area, and appropriate energy band gap have great contribution to the enhancement of photocatalytic performance.