Preparation and characterization of an active catalyst

As an active catalyst to promote thermolysis of ammonium perchlorate (AP), potassium lead hexanitrocobaltate(II) complex (K₂Pb[Co(NO₂)₆]) was synthesized by the direct deposition method and inverse microemulsion method. Its submicron, size, cube morphology, and crystal structure were investigated by SEM, TEM, and XRD analysis, respectively. Thermal decomposition of K₂Pb[Co(NO₂)₆] was studied by the TG/DSC-IR online system and XRD analysis. The catalyst was decomposed at about 300 °C; its gaseous products were NO₂, NO, and N₂O and its solid products were Pb₃O₄, Co₃O₄, PbO, CoO, and KNO₂. Because thermal decomposition of the catalyst was synchronous with low temperature decomposition of AP, thermolysis of AP was promoted remarkably. In particular, the gaseous products (NO _x ) could directly oxidize the absorbed NH₃. As a result, compared to the data of pure AP, the integral heat of AP added 3.0 wt% of the catalyst multiplied by 280 %, the maximum rate of heat release increased by 634 %. The decomposition of catalyzed AP ended at about 317 °C, at which only less than 30 % of pure AP decomposed.     

Visible‐Light‐Promoted Iminyl‐Radical Formation from Acyl Oximes: A Unified Approach to Pyridines,Quinolines, and Phenanthridines

A unified strategy involving visible‐light‐induced iminyl‐radical formation has been established for the construction of pyridines, quinolines, and phenanthridines from acyl oximes. With fac‐[Ir(ppy)₃] as a photoredox catalyst, the acyl oximes were converted by 1 e^? reduction into iminyl radical intermediates, which then underwent intramolecular homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS) to give the N‐containing arenes. These reactions proceeded with a broad range of substrates at room temperature in high yield. This strategy of visible‐light‐induced iminyl‐radical formation was successfully applied to a five‐step concise synthesis of benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids.     

线材的合理利用问题研究

线材的合理利用问题是一类很有代表性的整数规划问题。本文对线材下料问题决策的方案选择、模型的建立、解的分析进行了系统的分析和研究。     

用线性规划方法求网络计划的最低成本日程

网络计划优化的一个重要内容是研究项目的最低成本日程。本文假定工序在可压缩范围内,直接成本呈线性变化的前提下,以线性规范为工具,提出了一种最低成本日程的优化方法。当借助计算机求解时,该方法更加简单实用。     

新疆喀什河吉林台水电站地区稳定性研究

新疆喀什河吉林台水电站地区是地壳现代构造运动仍十分活跃的地区，工程的安全有可能会受到断层新活动的威胁，必须提供有关区域稳定性资料作为建设的依据，本文应用显微构造分析，同位素法测年，石英形貌法研究综合确定可能威胁工程的断层最后一次较强烈活动的时间为中更新世晚期，其活动的下限时间是13-20万年，上限时间为9-15万年。结合模拟实验的结果指出，在继续遭受到区域构造应力的作用下，工程区会作整体的抬升，不会产生新的断裂系统和应力集中区，因此选取的工程场址是优良的。     

Theoretical Studies on the Structures,Thermodynamic Properties,Detonation Performance,and Pyrolysis Mechanisms for Six Dinitrate Esters

Density functional theory (DFT) has been employed to study the geometric and electronic structures of six dinitrate esters including ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN), diethylene glycol dinitrate (Di‐EGDN), triethylene glycol dinitrate (Tri‐EGDN), tetraethylene glycol dinitrate (Tetra‐EGDN), pentaethylene glycol dinitrate (Penta‐EGDN) and hexaethylene glycol dinitrate (Hexa‐EGDN) at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level. Their IR spectra were obtained and assigned by vibrational analysis. Based on the frequencies scaled by 0.96 and the principle of statistic thermodynamics, the thermodynamic properties were evaluated, which were linearly related with the number of CH₂CH₂O groups as well as the temperature, obviously showing good group additivity. Detonation performances were evaluated by the Kamlet‐Jacobs equations based on the calculated densities and heats of formation. It was found that density, detonation velocity, detonation pressure decreased with the increase of the number of CH₂CH₂O groups. Thermal stability and the pyrolysis mechanism of the title compounds were investigated by calculating the bond dissociation energies (BDE) at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level. For the nitrate esters, the O‐NO₂ bond is a trigger bond during a thermolysis initiation process.     

新疆开都河大山口水电站场区基岩中断层活动研究

新疆开都河大山口水电站位于南天山现代地壳构造运动仍十分活跃的地区，野外地质研究表明，通过工程区的洪水沟大断层新活动延续到晚更新世末期；工程区的小断层F9最后活动在晚更新世以前。通过对采自这两条断层的断层物质样品的变形显微构造、石英颗粒形貌和类型、TL年龄的分析测定，揭示出洪水沟大断层在工程区段的主活动期为上新世晚期至早更新世，中更新世以后己无明显活动；F9断层最后一次较强烈活动的上限时间为距今9万年左右。结果表明，电站坝区是地壳活动相对较稳定的、较好的场点。     

新疆特克斯河下游河段断层活动性研究

新疆特克斯河上拟修建的恰普其海电站和山口电站位于断裂构造发育、新活动强烈的天山地区。野外地质研究表明，工程区的5条主要断层在第四纪均有活动。对采自工程区的特克斯河断层和F_1断层上的各种断层岩样品，应用变形岩石显微构造分析法、石英颗粒表面形貌法和热释光测年法进行了综合分析测试，结果表明，早期沿断层部位发生过慢速率的韧性变形作用，后沿韧性变形带发生脆性破裂。断层主活动期在上新世末期到早更新世，断层活动时的差异应力为130MPa,以挤压为主。更新世以后，断层活动强度大大减弱，但仍有明显活动，断层最后一次较强烈活动的下限时代为晚更新世末或全新世初。为确保工程安全，在最后确定场址时应尽可能避开活断层，在工程设计上也应增加一定的安全措施。     

A feature on ensuring safety of superfine explosives

To probe the dependence of particle size on the safety of nitroamine explosives, coarse RDX and HMX were comminuted to nanometer particles by an improved superfine mill. Their thermolysis characteristics were studied by thermal analysis and described via calculating some thermodynamic and kinetic parameters such as the activation free-energy (ΔG ^≠), activation enthalpy (ΔH ^≠), activation entropy (ΔS ^≠), apparent activation energy (E), critical temperature of thermal explosion (T _b), and critical heating rate of thermal explosion ( $ ({\text{d}}T/{\text{d}}t)_{{T_{\text{b}} }} $ ). After comminuted, the values of T _b and $ ({\text{d}}T/{\text{d}}t)_{{T_{\text{b}} }} $ were increased. However, the values of ΔH ^≠, ΔS ^≠, ΔG ^≠, and E for nanoexplosives were close to those of microexplosives, which mean decreasing particle size into nanometer did not distinctly influence the thermolysis characteristic of nitroamines. The safety of the nanoexplosives was practically assessed by testing their impact, friction, and shock sensitivities. Results indicated that nano nitroamines presented obviously higher safety than the micro-counterparts. Especially in Small Scale Gap Test, the shock sensitivity of nano-RDX and nano-HMX decreased by about 45 and 56% compared with that of micro-RDX and micro-HMX, respectively.     

Visible‐Light‐Promoted Iminyl‐Radical Formation from Acyl Oximes: A Unified Approach to Pyridines,Quinolines, and Phenanthridines

A unified strategy involving visible‐light‐induced iminyl‐radical formation has been established for the construction of pyridines, quinolines, and phenanthridines from acyl oximes. With fac‐[Ir(ppy)₃] as a photoredox catalyst, the acyl oximes were converted by 1 e⁻ reduction into iminyl radical intermediates, which then underwent intramolecular homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS) to give the N‐containing arenes. These reactions proceeded with a broad range of substrates at room temperature in high yield. This strategy of visible‐light‐induced iminyl‐radical formation was successfully applied to a five‐step concise synthesis of benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids.