透明塑料盒上的显色偏振

依据显色偏振、布鲁斯特角等原理详细解释了透明塑料盒上彩色条纹的形成过程,并进行实验验证,排除了薄膜干涉、色散、散射等其他理论解释.     

Heterolytic and Homolytic N-NO Bond Dissociation Energies of N-Nitroso-benzenesulfonylmethylamines in Acetonitrile

Great interests have been accumulated in recent years in the chemistry and biochemistry of nitric oxide (NO) since the remarkable discoveries of its key roles in a wide range of human physiological processes. To elucidate the mechanistic details of NO migration from its donor to its acceptor, it is necessary to determine the Y-NO bind energy that registers the thermodynamic driving force for NO release and capture. In this paper the heterolytic and homolytic N-NO bond dissociation energies [ i. e., △Hhet(N-NO) and △Hhomo(N-NO)] for ten N-nitroso-p-substituted-benzensulfonyl methylamines in acetonitrile are offered, which were obtained from titration calorimetry and thermodynamic cycles, respectively (Scheme 1).     

高锰酸盐指数的灰色GM(1,1)预测

以中山市岐江河近7年的高锰酸盐指数监测数据为基础，采用灰色系统理论中的预测方法，建立了岐江河高锰酸盐指数的灰色预测模型。用该模型预测岐江河2006年、2007年、2008年高锰酸盐指数的值分别为5．3，5．4和5．4。     

基于聚类和动态规划的组合路径策略

为提高电商仓库的拣货作业效率,本文提出了基于聚类和动态规划的组合路径策略,实现了生成路径消耗时间和路径长度之间的平衡,并将这一策略成功地应用到多区型仓库。该策略分四步:首先,根据待拣储位分布特征,运用聚类分析法对其进行分类;然后,以各类的首末储位作为节点,运用动态规划法对已得分类进行排序,得到相应的类序;其次,得到各类内部路径;最后,依次拣取待拣商品,并返回出发点完成拣货作业。在提出新的路径策略后,通过仿真方法将新策略与三种传统路径策略(穿越策略、最大间隙策略和混合策略)和一种优质算法(蚁群算法)进行了对比分析,结果表明:该策略具备良好的适用性和实用性。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定新型富钛料中的杂质元素

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定新型富钛料中杂质元素锰、磷、钒、铁、钙、镁、铬和铝的含量。样品用硝酸、盐酸、氢氟酸和硫酸（1+1）溶液消解。对共存元素进行了干扰试验,采用基体匹配和同步背景校正措施消除基体影响。方法的检出限（3s）在0.000 9～0.085 mg·L^-1之间。应用此法分析了新型富钛料试样,测定结果与其它化学分析方法测定值一致。方法的回收率在95.8%～113%之间;相对标准偏差（n=11）小于3.9%。     

Extraction kinetics of Uranium(VI) and Thorium(IV) with Tri-iso-amyl phosphate from nitric acid using a Lewis Cell

The extraction kinetics of uranium(VI) and thorium(IV) with Tri-iso-amyl phosphate (TiAP) from nitric acid medium has been investigated using a Lewis Cell. Especially, dependences of the extraction rate on stirring speed, temperature, interfacial area were firstly measured to elucidate the extraction kinetics regimes. The experimental results demonstrated that extraction kinetic of U(VI) is governed by chemical reactions at interface with an activation energy, E_a, of 43.41 kJ/mol, while the rate of Th(IV) extraction is proved to be intermediate controlled, of which the E_a is 23.20 kJ/mol. Reaction orders with respect to the influencing parameters of the extraction rate are determined, and the rate equations of U(VI) and Th(IV) at 293 K have been proposed as $$ {\text{r}} = - {\text{dcUO}}_{ 2} \left( {{\text{NO}}_{ 3} } \right)_{ 2} /{\text{dt}} = 1. 80 \times 10^{ - 3} \left[ {{\text{UO}}_{ 2} \left( {{\text{NO}}_{ 3} } \right)_{ 2} } \right]^{ 1.0 1} \left[ {\text{TiAP}} \right]^{0. 5 5} , $$ $$ {\text{r}} = - {\text{dcTh }}\left( {{\text{NO}}_{ 3} } \right)_{ 4} /{\text{dt}} = 1. 8 8\times 10^{ - 3} \left[ {{\text{Th }}\left( {{\text{NO}}_{ 3} } \right)_{ 4} } \right]^{ 1.0 4} \left[ {\text{TiAP}} \right]^{ 1. 7 7} \left[ {{\text{HNO}}_{ 3} } \right]^{0. 3 8} , $$ respectively.     

β-环糊精与维生素E包合物的制备及其光谱特性

分别用溶液法、超声波法、微波辐射法制备了β-环糊精与维生素E的包合物,研究了温度、包合时间、β-环糊精与维生素E的摩尔比对包合率的影响,并用荧光光谱法测定了包合物的包合常数Kf为2.84×103 L/mol,用紫外光谱、红外光谱及荧光光谱对包合物进行了表征。     

2.45GHz下常用有机试剂复介电常数的测量与研究

1986年加拿大的R．Gedye和R．J．Giguere等发现了微波可以显著加快有机合成,他们发现用微波辐射可使反应速率和产率有不同程度的提高。由于微波作用机理的特殊性,微波化学对很多化学领域带来了冲击。但是,微波与化学反应体系之间相互作用的一些重大问题还未得到解决,如微波加热过程中化学反应系统的非线性反射、非均匀加热等。解决这类问题,首先必须了解化学反应过程中混合物的电学性质与磁学性质,而物质的宏观电学和磁学性质都用其介电常数和磁导率来描述。对于大部分是非磁性材料的有机试剂,微波与反应体系相互作用的特性集中体现在体系的等效复介电常数上。了解各种常用试剂的复介电常数,可以进一步了解各种化学试剂对微波的吸收和反射的情况。而很多试剂的复介电常数无法从现有文献中得到。本文利用谐振腔微扰法测定了在2．45GHz室温下各类常用有机试剂的复介电常数,结果显示：醇类试剂复介电常数实部与虚部都较大;酮类试剂复介电常数实部相对较大,而虚部较小;酸类试剂复介电常数实部和虚部都较小;烷烃和苯类试剂实部,虚部更小。同时,随着碳链增加,所有试剂的复介电常数的实部与虚部均有下降趋势。这些测试和分析结果将为微波辅助有机合成提供了有益参考。     

热散焦效应对甲烷后向受激喇曼散射的影响

The conversion efficiency of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in CH4 is studied by using a single longitudinal mode second-harmonic Nd:YAG laser (532 nm, linewidth 0.003 cm-1, pulse-width (FWHM) 6.5 ns).Due to the heat release from vibrationally excited particles, SRS processes often suffer from the thermal defocusing effect (TDE). In view of 6.5 ns laser pulse width is much shorter than the vibrational relaxation time of CH4 molecules, TDE can only affect the SRS processes afterwards. In the cases of low laser repetition, TDE will be not serious, because it will be removed by the thermal diffusion in Raman medium before the next pulse arrives. At the laser repetition rate 2 Hz, CH4 pressure 1.1 MPa and pump laser energy 95 m J, the quantum conversion efficiency of backward first-Stokes (BS1) has attained 73%. This represents the highest first-stokes conversion efficiency in CH4. Furthermore, due to the relaxation oscillation, the BS1pulses are narrowed to about 1.2 ns. As a result, the BS1 peak power turns out to be 2.7 times that of the pump. Its beam quality is also much better and is only slightly affected by TDE. This reason is that BS1 represents a wave-front-reversed replica of the pump beam, which can compensate the thermal distortions in Raman amplify process. Under the same conditions, but pump laser repetition rate as 10 Hz, the conversion efficiency of BS1 goes down to 36% due to TDE. From this study, we expect that a well-behaved 630 nm Raman laser may be designed by using a closed CH4/He circulating-cooling system, which may have some important applications.     

羟乙基纤维素接枝N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的研究

利用硝酸铈铵引发了羟乙基纤维素与N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的接枝反应.通过红外光谱和1H-NMR谱证明了接枝反应是成功的讨论了单体浓度、引发剂浓度、反应温度对接枝共聚反应的影响。通过差示扫描量热仪和动态激光光散射仪。研究了接枝产物的溶液性质,证明了接枝产物具有温敏性。