Low-temperature combustion synthesis of CuCr2O4 spinel powder for spectrally selective paints

CuCr₂O₄ spinel powder with high quality black hue, investigated as solar-absorbing pigment for spectrally selective paint, was synthesized by an environmental friendly sol–gel combustion process using citric acid as the fuel and metal nitrates as oxidizers. Single-phase CuCr₂O₄ spinel crystals were obtained after heat treatment of the as-burnt powder at a low temperature (600 °C) and the average crystallite size of the CuCr₂O₄ powders increased with the calcining temperature. Morphological analysis of powders calcined at various temperatures was done by field emission scanning electron microscopy. CuCr₂O₄ powder calcined at 700 °C was chosen as pigment to fabricate thickness sensitive spectrally selective paint coatings by simple spray-coating technique. For the sake of comparison, the as-burnt powder composed of mixed metal oxides (i.e., CuO and Cr₂O₃) was also used as pigment. The results reveal that the spinel CuCr₂O₄ based paint coatings exhibit much higher spectral selectivity (α _s = 0.88–0.91, ε ₁₀₀ = 0.27–0.35) which is depending on the coating thicknesses than that of coatings using as-burnt powder as pigment (α _s = 0.83–0.88, ε ₁₀₀ = 0.60–0.66). The CuCr₂O₄-based paint coatings showed no visible degradation after 600 h of condensation test and the performance criterion value is 0.04, indicating that the coatings have excellent long term stability.     

含季鏻阳离子的[Mo6O19]2-多酸化合物的合成、结构及光催化性能研究

通过使用季鏻盐与钼酸铵在常温条件下合成了含季鏻阳离子的(n-PentylPh₃P)₂[Mo₆O₁₉]多酸化合物,并通过X-射线单晶衍射、红外光谱、紫外光谱、热重分析和电化学对其进行了表征。产物中的季鏻配体上的氢原子通过与多酸阴离子端基氧原子形成氢键而构筑了一维链状结构,并且季鏻配体上的苯环与相邻季鏻配体上的苯环通过π-π作用形成三维层状结构。此外,对该多酸化合物的光催化降解亚甲基蓝的性能进行了研究。     

自制动量矩守恒演示仪

本文介绍了一种自制的动量矩守恒演示仪，该仪器具有小巧、美观、灵活、稳定、方便等特点。     

低品位余热驱动制冷问题的探讨

低品位余热的回收应用于制冷是节能减排、保护环境的有效方法之一。文中介绍了目前常用的两种余热驱动制冷的方式,并重点介绍了各种热源应用于溴化锂制冷的情况,最后比较了不同温度热水应用于溴冷机的区别,为余热回收应用于制冷提供理论参考。     

Copper-catalyzed synthesis of gem-difluoroallylboronates from α-trifluoromethyl alkenes and B2pin2

A novel and efficient method for the synthesis of gem-difluoroallylboronates via copper-catalyzed defluorinative borylation of α-trifluoromethyl alkenes with B₂pin₂ using Xantphos as ligand and NaOtBu as base was developed.     

自制恒压恒流电源在物理实验中的应用

研制了一种物理实验专用的励磁电流恒流电源,对恒流电源的电流输出稳定性进行了测试,并以恒流电源在霍尔元件测磁场实验中的应用为例,进行了普通稳压电源和恒流电源两种电源的实验数据对比测试.测试结果表明,电流输出稳定度可达到0.1%,恒流电源所测数据的线性化程度高于普通稳压电源所测数据.     

Upper bounds for signless Laplacian Z-spectral radius of uniform hypergraphs

Let ■ be a k-uniform hypergraph on n vertices with degree sequence △= d1≥…≥ dn =δ. In this paper, in terms of degree di , we give some upper bounds for the Z-spectral radius of the signless Laplacian tensor (Q(■)) of ■. Some examples are given to show the efficiency of these bounds.     

SiC衬底上β-Ga2O3薄膜生长及p-SiC/n-β-Ga2O3异质结光伏特性

本文采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)技术在p型4H-SiC衬底上,制备出沿(403)择优生长的β-Ga₂O₃薄膜。结果表明,衬底生长温度对β-Ga₂O₃薄膜的形貌、结构、组分,以及生长机理都有重要影响。当生长温度由300 ℃升高至500 ℃时,薄膜结晶质量随生长温度升高而提高,当温度进一步升高到600 ℃时,薄膜结晶质量变差,这是由于在相对低温(500 ℃以下)阶段,生长温度越高,沉积在衬底上原子的动能越大,越容易迁移,使得β-Ga₂O₃薄膜主要按照二维生长模式进行生长,薄膜结晶质量提高,表现为随着生长温度升高,粗糙度降低。但当温度上升到600 ℃时,由于4H-SiC衬底和β-Ga₂O₃薄膜之间的热膨胀系数存在差异,导致薄膜生长由主要以二维生长模式向三维岛状演变。基于p-4H-SiC/n-β-Ga₂O₃构筑的异质结太阳电池,其标准测试条件下光电转换效率达到3.43%。     

实验结果表达式物理内涵探讨

论述大学物理实验报告中实验结果表达式的物理内涵及在实验报告中的重要性;探讨与之相关的若干问题.     

Three‐step process improves crystal quality of Cu2ZnSnS4 absorber layer and efficiency of solar cell

Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) films are fabricated using the three‐step process, including deposition, preheating and sulfurization of Cu–Zn–Sn (CZT) precursors. The effect of preheating temperature on structures, morphologies, and optical properties of CZTS films is investigated detailedly by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy, and UV spectrophotometer. It is found that the proper preheating temperature can improve the crystal quality of CZTS films. The prepared CZTS film by sulfurizing the preheated precursor at 300 °C presents high crystallinity, uniform surface morphology, and suitable optical properties. Compared with two‐step process, three‐step method can not only improve crystal quality of CZTS films but also decline sulfurization temperature. We also discuss the mechanism of improving the properties of CZTS absorber layer by the preheating route in detail. In addition, the experimental results also indicate that solar cell prepared by three‐step method displays higher conversion efficiency.