排序方式: 共有44条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Sanford TW Allshouse GO Marder BM Nash TJ Mock RC Spielman RB Seamen JF McGurn JS Jobe D Gilliland TL Vargas M Struve KW Stygar WA Douglas MR Matzen MK Hammer JH De Groot JS Eddleman JL Peterson DL Mosher D Whitney KG Thornhill JW Pulsifer PE Apruzese JP Maron Y 《Physical review letters》1996,77(25):5063-5066
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Ralph Weissleder David D. Stark Guillermo Elizondo Peter F. Hahn Carolyn Compton Sanjay Saini Jack Wittenberg Joseph T. Ferrucci 《Magnetic resonance imaging》1988,6(6):675-681
Thirteen patients with biopsy proven hepatic lymphoma (2 Hodgkin, 11 Non-Hodgkin) and a control group of 15 patients with hepatic metastases were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by MRI. Focal hepatic lymphoma was most reliably detected (eight of eight patients) and appeared hypointense relative to liver on T1 weighted (CNR − 7.4 ± 2.3) and hyperintense on T2 weighted (CNR + 8.4 ± 2.9) images. The mean T1 and T2 relaxation times of focal hepatic lymphoma (T1 = 832 ± 234 msec, T2 = 84 ± 16 ms) differed significantly from adjacent non-tumorous liver (T1 = 420 ± 121 ms, T2 = 51 ± 9 ms; p < 0.05), however CNR values and relaxation times were similar to those of hepatic metastases. Diffuse hepatic lymphoma (microscopic periportal infiltration) was undetectable by MRI in three patients by either morphologic features or quantitative criteria. A mixed pattern of hepatic lymphoma (focal lesions and diffuse infiltration) showed focal areas of slightly decreased signal intensity on T1 weighted images (CNR = −1.7 ± 0.4) while T2 weighted images revealed multiple regions of focal hyperintensity (CNR = +13.3 ± 8.4) superimposed on a diffusely hyperintense liver. Our experience demonstrates that either T1 or T2 weighted techniques are useful in detecting focal and that T2 weighted techniques are useful in detecting mixed hepatic lymphoma. Conventional image derived relaxation time measurements and quantitative parameters were of no additional diagnostic value. 相似文献
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We investigate the construction of low-dimensional spatiallylocalized models of extended systems. Specifically, theKuramoto–Sivashinsky (KS) equation on large one-dimensional domainsdisplays spatiotemporally complex dynamics that are remarkablywell-localized in both real and Fourier space, as demonstrated by a(spline) wavelet representation. We show how wavelet projectionsmay be used to construct various localized, relativelylow-dimensional models of KS spatiotemporal chaos. There ispersuasive evidence that short, periodized systems, internally forcedat their largest scales, form minimal models for chaotic dynamics inarbitrarily large domains. Such models assist in the understandingof extended systems. 相似文献
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An integral equation formulation for buoyancy-driven convection problems is developed and illustrated. Buoyancy-driven convection in a bounded cylindrical geometry with a free surface is studied for a range of aspect ratios and Nusselt numbers. The critical Rayleigh number, the nature of the cellular motion, and the heat transfer enhancement are computed using linear theory. Green's functions are used to convert the linear problem into linear Fredholm integral equations. Theorems are proved which establish the properties of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the linear integral operator which appears in these equations. 相似文献
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Lucas D Minami T Iannuzzi G Cao L Wittenberg JB Anzenbacher P Isaacs L 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2011,133(44):17966-17976
We report that the p-xylylenediammonium ion (11) acts as a template in the cucurbit[n]uril forming reaction that biases the reaction toward the production of methylene bridged glycoluril hexamer (6C) and bis-nor-seco-CB[10]. Hexamer 6C is readily available on the gram scale by a one step synthetic procedure that avoids chromatography. Hexamer 6C undergoes macrocylization with (substituted) phthalaldehydes 12, 14, 15, and 18-in 9 M H(2)SO(4) or concd HCl at room temperature to deliver monofunctionalized CB[6] derivatives 13, 16, 17, and 19-that are poised for further functionalization reactions. The kinetics of the macrocyclization reaction between hexamer and formaldehyde or phthalaldehyde depends on the presence and identity of ammonium ions as templates. p-Xylylenediammonium ion (11) which barely fits inside CB[6] sized cavities acts as a negative template which slows down transformation of 6C and paraformaldehyde into CB[6]. In contrast, 11 and hexanediammonium ion (20) act as a positive template that promotes the macrocyclization reaction between 6C and 12 to deliver (±)-21 as a key intermediate along the mechanistic pathway to CB[6] derivatives. Naphthalene-CB[6] derivative 19 which contains both fluorophore and ureidyl C═O metal-ion (e.g., Eu(3+)) binding sites forms the basis for a fluorescence turn-on assay for suitable ammonium ions (e.g., hexanediammonium ion and histamine). 相似文献
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Wittenberg JB Costales MG Zavalij PY Isaacs L 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2011,47(33):9420-9422
This paper describes the synthesis of host 1 by the double bridging reaction of bis-ns-CB[10] with 2 under acidic conditions. Host 1 functions as a double cavity host for aliphatic and aromatic ammonium ions (3-17) in water. Conducting the bridging reaction in the presence of guest 4 delivers [3]rotaxane 1·4(2) by a clipping process. 相似文献
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Bantz KC Meyer AF Wittenberg NJ Im H Kurtuluş O Lee SH Lindquist NC Oh SH Haynes CL 《Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP》2011,13(24):11551-11567
This perspective gives an overview of recent developments in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for biosensing. We focus this review on SERS papers published in the last 10 years and to specific applications of detecting biological analytes. Both intrinsic and extrinsic SERS biosensing schemes have been employed to detect and identify small molecules, nucleic acids, lipids, peptides, and proteins, as well as for in vivo and cellular sensing. Current SERS substrate technologies along with a series of advancements in surface chemistry, sample preparation, intrinsic/extrinsic signal transduction schemes, and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy are discussed. The progress covered herein shows great promise for widespread adoption of SERS biosensing. 相似文献