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1.
The effects of different ventilation methods on cardiac output measured by the indicator-dilution method, liver blood flow measured by a deuterium washout technique using 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liver concentrations of ATP and intracellular pH determined with 31P NMR were compared in anesthetized rats. No differences in mean arterial blood pressure were demonstrable with the different modes of ventilation. However, significant drops in cardiac output were observed between freely breathing and animals ventilated with positive pressure but not the high frequency oscillatory method (407 +/- 46 and 520 +/- 88 vs. 633 +/- 86 ml/min/kg, p less than 0.05 and p = NS, respectively). Moreover, liver blood flow was significantly reduced during positive pressure but not high frequency oscillatory ventilation compared with free breathing rats (32 +/- 4 and 43 +/- 10 vs. 46 +/- 8 ml/100 g, p less than 0.05 and p = NS, respectively). 31P NMR spectroscopy revealed no effects of either ventilation method on tissue ATP or intracellular pH as estimated by the chemical shift of inorganic phosphate. These data suggest that controlled ventilation in normal rats accomplished with standard positive pressure methods is associated with major decreases in cardiac output and liver blood flow despite maintenance of normal blood pressure. High frequency oscillatory ventilation appears to effect less compromise of cardiac output and hepatic perfusion than positive pressure ventilation and may, therefore, be preferable for some biological studies. 相似文献
2.
The hydronium ion-catalyzed hydrolyses of 5-methoxyindene 1,2-oxide and of 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrohydronaphthalene-1,2-epoxide were each found to yield 75-80% of cis diol and only 20-25% of trans diol as hydrolysis products. The relative stabilities of the cis and trans diols in each system were determined by treating either cis or trans diols with perchloric acid in water solutions and following the approach to an equilibrium cis/trans mixture as a function of time. These studies establish that the trans diol in each system is more stable than the corresponding cis diol. Thus, acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of each epoxide, which proceeds via a carbocation intermediate, yields the less stable cis diol as the major product. Transition-state effects, presumably of a hydrogen-bonding nature, selectively stabilize the transition state for attack of water on the intermediate 2-hydroxy-1-indanyl carbocation leading to the less stable cis diol in this system. Transition-state effects must also be responsible for formation of the less stable cis diol as the major product in the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of 5-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene 1,2-epoxide. However, in this system steric effects at the transition state may be more important than hydrogen bonding in determining the cis/trans diol product ratio. The synthesis of 5-methoxyindene 1,2-oxide and a study of its rate of reaction as a function of pH in water and dioxane-water solutions are reported. Both an acid-catalyzed reaction leading to only diol products and a pH-independent reaction yielding 71% of 5-methoxy-2-indanone and 29% of diols are observed; the half-life of its pH-independent reaction in water is only 2.4 s. 相似文献
3.
Carl Budtz-Jørgensen Peter T. Guenther Alan B. Smith James F. Whalen 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1982,306(3):265-272
Neutron total cross sections of58Ni were measured at 25 keV intervals from 0.9 to 4.5 MeV with 50–100 keV resolutions. Attention was given to self-shielding corrections to the observed total cross sections. Differential elastic- and inelastic-scattering cross sections were measured at 50 keV intervals from 1.35 to 4.0 MeV with 50–100 keV resolutions. Inelastic excitation of levels at 1.458±0.009, 2.462+-0.010, 2.791±0.015, 2.927+-0.012 and 3.059+-0.025 MeV was observed. The experimental results were interpreted in terms of optical-statistical and coupled-channels models. 相似文献
4.
Juliana S Luz Celso RR Ramos Márcia CT Santos Patricia P Coltri Fernando L Palhano Debora Foguel Nilson IT Zanchin Carla C Oliveira 《BMC biochemistry》2010,11(1):22
Background
The archaeal exosome is formed by a hexameric RNase PH ring and three RNA binding subunits and has been shown to bind and degrade RNA in vitro. Despite extensive studies on the eukaryotic exosome and on the proteins interacting with this complex, little information is yet available on the identification and function of archaeal exosome regulatory factors. 相似文献5.
Salman Beigi Peter W. Shor Daniel Whalen 《Communications in Mathematical Physics》2011,306(3):663-694
Associated to every finite group, Kitaev has defined the quantum double model for every orientable surface without boundary. In this paper, we define boundaries for this model and characterize condensations; that is, we find all quasi-particle excitations (anyons) which disappear when they move to the boundary. We then consider two phases of the quantum double model corresponding to two groups with a domain wall between them, and study the tunneling of anyons from one phase to the other. Using this framework we discuss the necessary and sufficient conditions when two different groups give the same anyon types. As an application we show that in the quantum double model for S 3 (the permutation group over three letters) there is a chargeon and a fluxion which are not distinguishable. This group is indeed a special case of groups of the form of the semidirect product of the additive and multiplicative groups of a finite field, for all of which we prove a similar symmetry. 相似文献
6.
7.
A study is made of the dynamics of oscillating systems with a slowly varying parameter. A slowly varying forcing periodically crosses a critical value corresponding to a pitchfork bifurcation. The instantaneous phase portrait exhibits a centre when the forcing does not exceed the critical value, and a saddle and two centres with an associated double homoclinic loop separatrix beyond this value. The aim of this study is to construct a Poincaré map in order to describe the dynamics of the system as it repeatedly crosses the bifurcation point. For that purpose averaging methods and asymptotic matching techniques connecting local solutions are applied. Given the initial state and the values of the parameters the properties of the Poincaré map can be studied. Both sensitive dependence on initial conditions and (quasi) periodicity are observed. Moreover, Lyapunov exponents are computed. The asymptotic expressions for the Poincaré map are compared with numerical solutions of the full system that includes small damping. 相似文献
8.
For a fixed multigraph H, possibly containing loops, with V(H)={h1, . . . , hk}, we say a graph G is H-linked if for every choice of k vertices v1, . . . , vk in G, there exists a subdivision of H in G such that vi represents hi (for all i). This notion clearly generalizes the concept of k-linked graphs (as well as other properties). In this paper we determine, for a connected multigraph H and for any sufficiently large graph G, a sharp lower bound on δ(G) (depending upon H) such that G is H-linked. 相似文献
9.
10.
Let H be a multigraph and G a graph containing a subgraph isomorphic to a subdivision of H, with S ⊂ V(G) (the ground set) the image of V(H) under the isomorphism. We consider connectivity and minimum degree or degree sum conditions sufficient to imply there is
a spanning subgraph of G isomorphic to a subdivision of H on the same ground set S. These results generalize a number of theorems in the literature. 相似文献