Novel large heteropolymetalate complexes formed from Ni(II) and cryptate [As<Subscript>4</Subscript>W<Subscript>40</Subscript>O<Subscript>140</Subscript><Superscript>28-</Superscript>

The heteropolytungstate (NH4)₂₀[Na2(H₂O)₂Ni(H₂O)₅{Ni(H₂O)}₂As₄W₄₀O₁₄₀] · 61H₂O is obtained by the reaction of Na₂₇[NaAs₄W₄₀O₁₄₀] · 60H₂O with NiCl₂ · 6H₂O and NH₄Cl in pH≈4.0. The structure and chemical composition are determined by X-ray diffraction analysis and element analysis. The crystal data and main structure refinement are: a = 1.33135(18) nm, b = 1.9722(3) nm, c = 3.6430(5) nm, α = 78.010(2)°, β = 82.145(2)δ, γ = 74.385(2)°, V = 8.978(2) nm³, triclinic crystal system, space group: P1, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0512, and wR2 = 0.0684(I >2σ). The four S2 sites of the big cyclic ligand [As₄W₄₀O₁₄₀]^28- are occupied by two Na⁺ and two Ni²⁺ respectively, and each site supplies four O_d coordinating to metal ion. The coordination number of Ni²⁺ is six, and that of two Na⁺ is five and six respectively. The third Ni²⁺ locates outside the cyclic [As₄W₄₀O₁₄₀]^28- and connects with one O_d, and its coordination number is six.     

Infrared Responsive Choline Phosphate Lipids for Synergistic Cancer Therapy

Choline phosphate lipids have been designed and developed as new-generation zwitterionic nanocarriers with excellent biocompatibility and bioorthogonality to provide a more programmable performance for cancer therapy. However, there is a lack of spatiotemporal and reversible control for drug release at target tumor cells, which can lead to severe adverse effects to normal tissue and discounted treatment outcome. Here, light-inducible Lip-cRGDfk/ICG/Dox liposomes were developed for synergistic cancer therapy. ICG can effectively convert light energy into selective heating in a local environment upon laser irradiation, thus inducing thermal ablation of tumor cells, and further reversibly trigger the spatiotemporal release of anticancer drugs (Dox) at tumor cells due to the conformation transformation of CP lipids to synergistically kill tumor cells. That Lip-cRGDfk/ICG/Dox exhibited a significant improvement for breast cancer therapy in vitro and in vivo is also demonstrated, thus it can serve as an efficient platform to noninvasively and spatiotemporally control the activation of cytotoxicity at tumor cells for precision cancer therapy.     

Hydrogen-Bond Cyclization Programming of Ultrasensitive Esters and Its Application in Gene Delivery

The ester bond as a universal linker has recently been applied in gene delivery systems owing to its efficient gene release by electrostatic repulsion after its cleavage. However, the ester bond is nonlabile and is difficult to cleave in cells. This work reports a method in which a secondary amine was introduced to the β-position of the ester bond to generate a hydrogen-bond cyclization (HBC) structure that can make the ester bond hydrolysis ultrafast. A series of molecules comprising ultrasensitive esters that can be activated by H₂O₂ were synthesized, and it was found that those able to form an HBC structure showed complete ester hydrolysis within 5 h in both water and phosphate-buffered saline solution, which was several times faster than other methods reported. Then, a series of amphiphilic poly(amidoamine) dendrimers were constructed, comprising the ultrasensitive ester groups for gene delivery; it was found that they could effectively release genes under quite a low concentration of H₂O₂ (<200 μm ) and transport them into the nucleus within 2 h in Hela cells with high safety. Their gene transfection efficiencies were higher than that of PEI_25k. The results demonstrated that the hydrogen-bond-induced ultrasensitive esters could be powerfully applied to construct gene delivery systems.     

Multiscale simulation of pollution gases adsorption in porous organic cage CC3

A general multiscale simulation procedure is proposed to accurately predict the uptakes of pollution gases such as CO₂, SO₂, H₂S, and CO in one of the most investigated porous organic cages CC3 by using a sophisticated force field vdW3 fitted by double hybrid functional (B2PLYP) with a dispersion correction (D3) separately for gas–gas and CC3‐gas interactions. The fitted vdW3 was used in grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. Good comparison with the coupled cluster single and double excitation and the perturbative triples (CCSD(T))/complete basis set (CBS) limit interaction energies make the B2PLYP‐D3 results reliable for our purpose. The good agreement of simulated CO₂ loading with experimental one and the low deviation in the fitting procedure for H₂S and CO make our approach available in predicting gases in novel porous materials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Vitamin D Inhibits the Early Aggregation of α-Synuclein and Modulates Exocytosis Revealed by Electrochemical Measurements

Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) localizes at presynaptic terminal and modulates synaptic functions. Increasing evidence demonstrate that α-Syn oligomers, forming at the early of aggregation, are cytotoxic and is thus related to brain neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we find that vitamin D (VD) can reduce neurocytotoxicity. The reduced neurocytotoxicity might be attributed to the less amount of large-sized α-Syn oligomers inhibited by VD, measured by electrochemical collision at single particle level, which are not observable with traditionally ensembled method. Single-cell amperometry (SCA) results show that VD can recover the amount of neurotransmitter release during exocytosis induced by α-Syn oligomers, further verifying the neuroprotection of VD. Our study reveals the neuroprotective role of VD through inhibiting α-Syn aggregation, which is envisioned to be of great importance in treatment and prevention of the neurodegenerative diseases.     

金属氧化物催化剂上合成气转化中羧酸盐物种促进芳烃的生成

芳烃是重要的化工原料,目前主要通过石油催化裂化和催化重整制得.随着石油资源的消耗以及芳烃的需求日益增长,开发非石油路线制备芳烃势在必行.因此,从煤、天然气和生物质出发,经合成气一步制芳烃(STA)广受关注.将合成气制甲醇的金属催化剂和甲醇制芳烃的分子筛催化剂复合,可以制备双功能催化剂,用于合成气反应可高选择性得到芳烃.然而,关于此过程中芳烃的生成机理仍有争论.目前人们认为,生成芳烃的中间体主要分甲醇和其他含氧物种(乙烯酮,醛类)两种.本文以ZnCrAlOx和H-ZSM-5为模型催化剂,进行合成气制芳烃、甲醇制芳烃和丙烯制芳烃反应,确定了传统的甲醇制芳烃路径不是合成气制芳烃中的主要途径,并通过原位傅里叶变换红外光谱和气相色质谱解释了STA反应中两种活性组分距离越近,芳烃选择性越高的原因,从而提出了在合成气制芳烃过程中芳烃的生成机理.通过比较双功能催化剂上合成气、甲醇以及丙烯的反应性能发现,在甲醇和丙烯转化时,其芳烃选择性远小于合成气转化时的,由此可认为,在合成气制芳烃的路径主要不经由传统的甲醇制芳烃,而是通过烯烃聚合脱氢生成芳烃.红外表征和共进料实验表明,合成气可以在金属催化剂表面生成甲酸盐物种,它可与烯烃反应生成羧酸盐物种,再迁移到分子筛上反应生成芳烃,且羧酸盐物种在分子筛上的芳构化能力要高于丙烯;即使在氢气氛围下,当丙烯的芳构化能力受到氢气极大抑制时,羧酸盐物种仍能高选择性生成芳烃.本文制备了一系列金属催化剂和分子筛物理接近距离不同的双功能催化剂,研究了合成气在双功能催化剂上制芳烃时,金属催化剂和分子筛二者组分的距离对芳烃选择性的影响.随着二者接近距离的增加,芳烃选择性急剧增加;通过GC-MS分析合成气转化时的停留物种,发现随着二者接近距离的增加,羧酸盐物种和甲基环戊烯酮的量明显增加,因此,羧酸盐物种和甲基环戊烯酮物种在生成芳烃中起到了重要的作用.综上所述,我们提出了STA中一条新的芳烃生成路径,并证明了羧酸盐物种是其中重要的中间物种.它经由金属表面的甲酸盐物种和烯烃反应生成,随后迁移到分子筛上生成甲基环戊烯酮物种,再脱水生成芳烃.     

Zwitterionic Polydopamine Engineered Interface for In Vivo Sensing with High Biocompatibility

Electrochemical sensing performance is often compromised by electrode biofouling (e.g., proteins nonspecific binding) in complex biological fluids; however, the design and construction of a robust biointerface remains a great challenge. Herein, inspired by nature, we demonstrate a robust polydopamine-engineered biointerfacing, to tailing zwitterionic molecules (i.e., sulfobetaine methacrylate, SBMA) through Michael Addition. The SBMA-PDA biointerface can resist proteins nonspecific binding in complex biological fluids while enhancing interfacial electron transfer and electrochemical stability of the electrode. In addition, this sensing interface can be integrated with tissue-implantable electrode for in vivo analysis with improved sensing performance, preserving ca. 92.0% of the initial sensitivity after 2 h of implantation in brain tissue, showing low acute neuroinflammatory responses and good stability both in normal and in Parkinson′s disease (PD) rat brain tissue.     

N-脒基脲二硝酰胺盐晶体形貌的分子动力学研究

采用分子动力学方法,在正侧(NVT)系综下研究了N-脒基脲二硝酰胺盐(FOX-12)在溶剂中的晶体形貌.通过构建溶剂分子层-晶面的界面吸附模型模拟其动力学平衡构型,计算溶剂与晶体表面间的结合能,进而对真空附着能进行修正并获得溶剂条件下的晶貌.使用自然冷却法在水和水/甲醇中培养FOX-12晶体并利用扫描电子显微镜进行了表征.结果表明,在真空条件下决定FOX-12晶貌的6个重要晶面为(110),(200),(201),(011),(002)和(111);FOX-12在水溶液条件下的主要晶面为(110)和(011),在水/甲醇溶液条件下的主要晶面为(200)和(011),预测的晶体形貌与实验结果相吻合.对水分子和FOX-12的(110)面间的径向分布函数进行了计算,分析了水分子和晶面间的分子间作用力.     

QuEChERS-在线凝胶色谱-气相色谱-质谱法测定大米、黍子和小麦中34种农药残留

采用QuEChERS方法结合在线凝胶色谱-气相色谱-质谱（GPC-GC-MS）系统,建立了大米、黍子和小麦中34种中高毒农药的快速筛查方法。研究了称样量、萃取剂、净化吸附剂种类对大米样品提取净化效果的影响并考察了基质效应和分析保护剂的使用效果,采用选择离子监测（SIM）模式,外标法定量。结果表明,34种农药在大米、黍子和小麦中的检出限分别为0.0281~5.30、0.0282~4.82、0.0273~5.13 μg/kg;在0.05 μg/g添加水平的平均回收率分别为94.5%~117.1%、83.1%~121.7%、93.1%~120.2%;相对标准偏差（RSD,n=6）分别为2.6%~14.5%、3.4%~15.1%、3.5%~15.2%。该方法消耗试剂少,分析成本低,符合绿色化学的理念,具有操作便捷、快速、通用性强等特点,适用于大米、黍子和小麦中34种农药残留的快速筛查与检测。