Enhancement of three-photon absorption cross-sections in a novel class of symmetrical charge transfer fluorene-based molecules

The three-photon absorption effect (3PA) of two novel symmetrical charge transfer fluorene-based molecules (abbreviated as BASF and BMOSF) has been determined by using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser pumped with 38 ps pulses at 1064 nm in DMF. The measured 3PA cross-sections are 84 × 10⁻⁷⁸ and 114 × 10⁻⁷⁸ cm⁶ s², respectively. The geometries and electronic excitations of these two molecules are systematically studied by PM3 and ZINDO/S methods. The relationships between 3PA cross-sections and intramolecular charge transfer are discussed micromechanically. The experimental and theoretical results have shown that the larger intramolecular charge transfer, which was characterized by the charge density difference between the ground state (S₀) and the first excited state (S₁), the greater enhancement of the 3PA cross-sections.     

含规整聚环氧乙烷枝链的聚硅氧烷的合成及表征

以萘钾为引发剂，二甲基亚砜为溶剂制备了以烯丙基为末端基的聚环氧乙烷大单体，并利用末端双键的硅氢化反应合成了相对分子质量规整的聚环氧乙烷接枝聚硅氧烷的共聚物。产物经萃取精制后，用ＩＲ、￣１ＨＮＭＲ等方法进行了表征。     

Molecular Simulation to Explore the Dissolution Behavior of Sulfur in Carbon Disulfide

Soluble sulfur (S₈) and insoluble sulfur (IS) have different application fields, and molecular dynamics simulation can reveal their differences in solubility in solvents. It is found that in the simulated carbon disulfide (CS₂) solvent, soluble sulfur in the form of clusters mainly promotes the dissolution of clusters through van der Waals interaction between solvent molecules (CS₂) and S₈, and the solubility gradually increases with the increase in temperature. However, the strong interaction between polymer chains of insoluble sulfur in the form of polymer hinders the diffusion of IS into CS₂ solvent, which is not conducive to high-temperature dissolution. The simulated solubility parameter shows that the solubility parameter of soluble sulfur is closer to that of the solvent, which is consistent with the above explanation that soluble sulfur is easy to dissolve.     

聚膦腈-g-聚己内酯共聚物的合成与表征

通过三甲基碘硅烷与聚二(2-甲氧基乙氧基)膦腈侧链上的醚键反应后水解得到侧链含部分羟基的聚膦腈,然后利用聚膦腈的侧链羟基在异辛酸亚锡催化作用下,引发己内酯单体开环聚合制备了聚膦腈-g-聚己内酯共聚物.该共聚物中聚己内酯链段的接枝率和侧链长度可通过改变三甲基碘硅烷和己内酯单体的投料来控制.     

QuatJND: A Robust Quaternion JND Model for Color Image Watermarking

Robust quantization watermarking with perceptual JND model has made a great success for image copyright protection. Generally, either restores each color channel separately or processes the vector representation from three color channels with the traditional monochromatic model. And it cannot make full use of the high correlation among RGB channels. In this paper, we proposed a robust quaternion JND Model for color image watermarking (QuatJND). In contrast to the existing perceptual JND models, the advantage of QuatJND is that it can integrate quaternion representation domain and colorfulness simultaneously, and QuatJND incorporates the pattern guided contrast masking effect in quaternion domain. On the other hand, in order to efficiently utilize the color information, we further develop a robust quantization watermarking framework using the color properties of the quaternion DCT coefficients in QuatJND. And the quantization steps of each quaternion DCT block in the scheme are optimal. Experimental results show that our method has a good performance in term of robustness with better visual quality.     

血液-血管耦合特性与脉搏波传播特性的关系

脉搏波既不可简单地理解为可压缩血液流体中的压力纵波,也不可简单地理解为沿固体血管传播的涨缩位移横波,而是超乎普通想象的流-固耦合和纵波-横波耦合的复杂波。从分析耦合本构关系的新途径出发,本文中提出了一个流-固耦合/纵波-横波耦合的串联模型,可为解读“位数形势”中医脉诊提供更丰富的信息。结果表明,脉搏波耦合系统的等效体积压缩模量K_s以及相应的耦合系统脉搏波传播速度c_s主要依赖于两个无量纲参数：血液-血管模量比K_b(p)/E(p)和薄壁血管径厚比D(p)/h₀,它们因人而异、因人的不同脉搏位置而异。文中定量分析了它们对c_s的影响,显示人体的K_b/E值在10³数量级,从而c_s值在10⁰～10¹ m/s数量级,以适应人体生理生化反应。由临床有创测量,证实脉搏体积横波与脉搏压力纵波是相耦合地以相同速度传播;还显示脉搏波是在其波阵面上具有氧合生化反应的“生物波”。此外,还讨论了“脉压放大”现象与非线性本构关系和与血管分叉处加载增强反射之间的关系,并讨论了Lewis关于重搏波形成的假设。

     

A guide to use fluorinated aromatic bulky cations for stable and high-performance 2D/3D perovskite solar cells: The more fluorination the better?

While serious stability issues impede the commercialization of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),twodimensional(2 D) perovskites based on fluorinated bulky cations have emerged as more intrinsically stable materials.However,the influence of fluorination degree of the bulky aromatic cation on the performance of resulting PSCs has not been scrutinized.Here,2 D perovskites(FxPEA)2 PbI₄(x=1,2,3,5) are grown in situ on the surface of the three-dimensional(3 D) perovskite and demonstrate effecti...     

Synthesis of S-monofluoromethyl phosphorothioates from PⅤ-H compounds and PhSO2SCH2F

S-Monofluoromethyl phosphorothioates represent an important class of organofluorine compounds and are re ported here for the first time.A series of S-monofluoromethyl phosphorothioates are conveniently synthesized from different P^Ⅴ-H compounds and PhSO₂SCH₂F under mild conditions.The method is compatible with common functional groups and provides potential opportunities to synthesize new bioactive molecules for medicinal chemistry.     

State-of-the-art of membrane bioreactors: Worldwide research and commercial applications in North America

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology is advancing rapidly around the world both in research and commercial applications. Despite the increasing number of studies and full-scale applications of MBR systems, directions and trends in academic research as well as commercial developments require further analysis. This paper aims to critically characterize and review worldwide academic research efforts in the area of MBRs as well as focus attention to commercial MBR applications in North America. A total of 339 research papers published in peer-reviewed international journals from 1991 to 2004 and a total of 258 full-scale MBR installations in North America were used as the database for the analysis provided in this paper. After a surge of MBR publications in 2002, research appears to have reached a plateau in the last 3 years using both submerged and external MBR units. Although much of the pioneering research occurred in Japan, France and the UK, countries such as South Korea, China and Germany have significantly contributed to the research pool in the last 5 years. The primary research focus has been on water filtration MBRs with limited growth in extractive and gas diffusion MBRs which still hold un-tapped potential. Fundamental aspects studied in academic research predominantly involve issues related to fouling, microbial characterization and optimizing operational performance. Research in North America presents a unique picture as a higher ratio of industrial wastewater treatment and side-stream MBR applications have been studied compared to other parts of the world. For MBR commercial application, the North America installations constitute about 11% of worldwide installations. Zenon occupies the majority of the MBR market in North America, whereas Kubota and Mitsubishi-Rayon have a larger number of installations in other parts of the world. Due to more stringent regulations and water reuse strategies, it is expected that a significant increase in MBR plant capacity and widening of application areas will occur in the future. Potential application areas include nitrate removal in drinking water treatment, removal of endocrine disrupting compounds from water and wastewater streams, enhancing bio-fuels production via membrane assisted fermentation and gas extraction and purification MBRs.     

乙酰化淀粉的塑化和性能研究

以乙酰化改性淀粉为基体,甘油为增塑剂,利用哈克旋转流变仪密炼制备热塑性乙酰化淀粉.实验结果表明制备热塑性乙酰化淀粉的甘油/乙酰化淀粉配比应大于30/100(W/W),且随甘油含量增加,热塑性乙酰化淀粉的脆性降低.动态机械热分析(DMTA)显示热塑性乙酰化淀粉包含富甘油和富淀粉两相,乙酰化淀粉和甘油为部分互溶.流变学分析显示淀粉分子间作用力非常强,表现为类固态行为.同时本文对材料的热稳定性进行了初步研究.