小角X射线散射表征AOT/水层状溶致液晶的有序性

用小角X射线散射研究了AOT/水层状溶致液晶的有序性. 通过对散射曲线的解析, 讨论了表面活性剂浓度、温度和助表面活性剂等三个方面对溶致液晶层状相结构有序性的影响. 在一定的范围内, 提高温度, 改变表面活性剂浓度和加入少量助表面活性剂可使碳氢链排列由稀疏转变为密实, 层状相也相应地由“柔性双层”过渡到更加有序化的“平面双层”. 基于形状因子和体系内分子间作用力, 提出了层状相形成与有序化的机理, 同时采用分子模拟的方法展现了不同浓度下的液晶结构.     

Inducing a high twisted conformation in the polyimide structure by bulky donor moieties for the development of non-volatile memory

Two polyimides, PI(DAT-6FDA) and PI(DAPT-6FDA), from N-(2,4-diaminophenyl)-N,N-diphenylamine (DAT) or N-(4-(2′,4′-diaminophenoxy)phenyl-N,N-diphenylamine (DAPT) and 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) were prepared to clarify the structural effect on the resulting memory properties. The memory device based on PI(DAT-6FDA) showed an unstable volatile behavior, while the device based on PI(DAPT-6FDA) with a more bulky donor (D) unit exhibited a stable non-volatile FLASH type memory characteristic with a long retention time over 10⁴ s. The theoretical simulation based on the density functional theory (DFT) suggested that the greater distinct charge separation between the ground and charge transfer (CT) states led to a highly stable memory behavior. Also, it was clarified that PI(DAPT-6FDA) had a highly twisted conformation compared to PI(DAT-6FDA) in the ground state, and a more twisted dihedral angle between the D and acceptor (A) units was induced in the CT state, which led to the non-volatile memory characteristic.     

EDTA对活性炭的功能化处理及其对炭载Pd催化剂电催化性能的影响

采用乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)对活性炭进行功能化处理, 研究了其对表面基团、炭载Pd 纳米粒子结构及Pd催化剂电催化性能的影响. 傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征表明, EDTA处理在炭表面引入了含氮基团. X射线粉末衍射(XRD)光谱、透射电镜(TEM)和电化学测试结果显示, 活性炭经EDTA处理后, 负载的Pd粒子粒径虽有所增大, 但由于炭载体与Pd粒子相互作用的增强, Pd利用率增加, 催化剂对甲酸氧化的活性和稳定性均显著提高. 电化学阻抗谱(EIS)分析进一步揭示, 甲酸在该催化剂电极上的电氧化反应具有较低的电荷传递电阻.     

Velocity overshoot of start-up flow for a Maxwellfluid in a porous half-space

Stokes' first problem has been investigated for a Maxwell fluid in a porous half-space for gaining insight into the effect of viscoelasticity on the start-up flow in a porous medium. An exact solution was obtained by using the Fourier sine transform. It was found that at large values of the relaxation time the velocity overshoot occurs obviously and the system exhibits viscoelastic behaviours. On the other hand, for short relaxation time the velocity overshoot disappears and the system exhibits viscous behaviours. A critical value of the relaxation time was obtained for the emergence of the velocity overshoot. Furthermore, it was found that the velocity overshoot is caused by both the viscoelasticity of the Maxwell fluid and the Darcy resistance resulting from the structure of the micropore in the porous medium.     

Influence of different nematic crosslinking unit on mesomorphism of side-chain cholesteric elastomers containing menthyl groups

The synthesis of two cholesteric monomers (M₁ and M₂), nematic crosslinking agent (C₁ and C₂), and the corresponding side-chain elastomers containing menthyl groups (P₁ and P₂ series) is described. The mesomorphism was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The effect of the content of the different nematic crosslinking unit on the mesomorphism of the elastomers was discussed. M₁ and M₂ showed cholesteric and blue phases; C₁ and C₂ showed nematic phase. Because of the introduction of the nematic crosslinking unit, elastomers P_1-1−P_1-5 and P_2-1−P_2-5 exhibited cholesteric phase. With increasing the content of nematic crosslinking unit, T _g of the obtained elastomers revealed an increased tendency, and T _i of P₁ series firstly increased then decreased, while T _i of P₂ series decreased the mesomorphism of the corresponding elastomers when the content of nematic crosslinking unit was 12 mol.%.     

Refractive index and nonlinear optical properties of polyaniline derivatives

An investigation of the refractive index and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ⁽³⁾ of two polypernigraniline derivatives, poly (4,4'-diphenylimine methine) (PDPIM) and poly (4,4'-diphenylimine p-heptyloxybenzylidene) (PDPIHB) reveals effects of molecular structure on the linear optical and nonlinear optical properties of conjugated polymers. The χ⁽³⁾ (?3ωω,ω,ω) of PDPIM was found to decrease relative to polypernigraniline, reflecting the observed decrease of the oscillator strength of the 2.2 eV absorption band when a methine carbon replaces one of the nitrogen atoms of pernigraniline repeat unti. The alkoxyphenylene side group substitution at the methine carbon in PDPIHB, however, significantly enhances the nonlinear optical response of PDPIHB while reducing the refractive index compared to PDPIM and polypernigraniline. The present results suggest that structural changes in conjugated polymers can be made in such a way as to enhance the nonlinear optical properties while modulating the linear optical properties. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

纳米粒子构建表面的超疏水性能实验研究

采用疏水纳米粉体压片法和岩心吸附法构建了具有微纳米结构的表面,测试了这些表面的接触角,拍摄了水滴在吸附纳米粒子的岩石表面的滚动过程照片,采用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)检测了表面的微结构.实验结果表明：无机纳米粒子经弱疏水性材料修饰后,其表面润湿性由强亲水变为强疏水;疏水纳米粒子吸附表面的接触角均大于120°,滚动角约7°,显示出超疏水特性;SEM照片显示,这些超疏水表面是具有不规则微纳米结构的气固复合面,符合Cassie-Baxter的复合表面模型. 关键词： 超疏水 纳米粒子 微纳米结构表面 接触角     

The structural transformation and properties of spin-on poly(silsesquioxane) films by thermal curing

In this study, the structural transformation and properties of five commercially available poly(silsesquioxanes) by thermal curing were investigated, including poly(hydrogen silsesquioxanes) (HSQ and T12), and poly(methylsilsesquioxanes) (MSQ, T7 and T9). These materials with a different cage/network ratio and side groups (Si-H and Si-CH₃). The FTIR spectra show that the poly(silsesquioxane) films have different contents of the Si-O-Si cage and network structures, which significantly affects the refractive index and dielectric constant. The shifting of the Si-O-Si network band in the FTIR spectra can be correlated with their molecular structures. The refractive indices and dielectric constants of the studied poly(silsesquioxane) films increase with increasing the Si-O-Si network content. The retention of the Si-H or Si-CH₃ side group suggests the existence of the cage structures in the poly(silsesquioxane) films. The Si-O-Si cage structure results in a larger free volume than the Si-O-Si network structure in the poly(silsesquioxane) films and thus reduces the refractive index and dielectric constant. It is supported by the porosity result. The order of the refractive index in the studied poly(silsesquioxanes) films is T12>HSQ for the Si-H side group and T7>T9>MSQ with the Si-CH₃ side group, which can be correlated with the Si-O-Si network content. The poly(silsesquioxane) film with the Si-CH₃ side group has a lower refractive index than the Si-H side group at the same Si-O-Si network content, which is probably due to the steric hindrance effect of the CH₃ group.     

Abel分部求和法与基本超几何级数变换

利用修正的Abel分部求和引理,系统研究基本超几何级数的部分和,建立一些关于列平衡、二次、三次以及四次基本超几何级数的变换公式和求和公式．     

Al Schottky contact on p-GaSe

A new Schottky diode, Al/p-GaSe, was presented in this study. It shows an effective barrier height of 0.96 eV with an ideality factor of 1.24 over five decades and a reverse leakage current density of 4.12×10⁻⁷ A/cm² at −2 V after rapid thermal annealing at 400 C for 30 s. The generation–recombination effect of the Schottky diode was decreased as the annealing temperature was increased. The formation of Al_1.33Se₂ was observed by X-ray diffraction analysis after the diode was annealed at 400 C for 30 s. Owing to the grains’ growth, the surface morphology of the 400 C-annealed diode was rougher than that of the unannealed diode, which was observed both by the AFM and the SEM analysis.