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Spectral changes induced by moderate electric fields provide detailed insight into the electronic states of organic and inorganic solids. Although the basic effects, Stark effect and Franz–Keldysh effect, are the same in both types of material, the electroabsorption spectra vary strongly in size and spectral lineshape due to competing interactions. The large variance of the effects is demonstrated by representative examples of high mobility semiconductors, quantum wells, π-conjugated polymers, and charge transfer transitions in single crystals, disordered films and a double-quantum well. It is shown that only high-quality samples reveal the quantum mechanics of field-induced effects which are very sensitive to disorder. 相似文献
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K. Lochner H. Bassler L. Sebastian G. Weiser G. Wegner V. Enkelmann 《Chemical physics letters》1981,78(2):366-370
The photoconductivity of DCHD displays a maximum near 3.6 eV coinciding with the maximum of the So → S1 absorption of the carbazole group. It is attributed to a sensitization involving charge transfer from the excited chromophore to the chain. The rate constant for non-radiative decay of the carbazole singlet due to energy transfer to the chain is 1.6 × 1013 s?1, and for charge transfer ≈ 3 × 1011 s?1. 相似文献
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Infinite-dimensional parameter-dependent optimization problems of the form ‘minJ(u;p) subject to g(u)?0’ are studied, where u is sought in an L∞ function space, J is a quadratic objective functional, and g represents pointwise linear constraints. This setting covers in particular control constrained optimal control problems. Sensitivities with respect to the parameter p of both, optimal solutions of the original problem, and of its approximation by the classical primal-dual interior point approach are considered. The convergence of the latter to the former is shown as the homotopy parameter μ goes to zero, and error bounds in various Lq norms are derived. Several numerical examples illustrate the results. 相似文献
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<正>Two new eudesmane derivatives were isolated from the leaves and flowers of Verbesina virginica,along with the known 6-O-β-E -p-coumaroyl-4α-hydroxyeudesmane(1).Their structures were determined as 6-O-β-Z-p-coumaroyl-4α-hydroxyeudesmane(2) and 6-O-α-E-p-coumaroyl-1β-4α-dihydroxyeudesmane(3) by spectroscopic methods. 相似文献
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H. P. F. Oerum Joh Plesch Sarda Caffort Lecha-Mays A. Wasmuth K. Kossmann Fr. Tangl und St. Weiser 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1908,47(4):267-268
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