Effect of self-organization and properties of aqueous disperse systems based on the moss peptide PpCLE2 in a low concentration range on the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana roots

Russian Chemical Bulletin - It is shown for the first time using a complex of physicochemical methods (dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, conductometry, pH-metry) that below a threshold...     

New Oscillatory Process in Aqueous Solutions of Compounds Containing Carbonyl and Amino Groups1

Frequency-correlated oscillations of chemiluminescence and the redox potential are observed during the amino-carbonyl reaction, which occurs in aqueous solutions of methylglyoxal and various amino-containing compounds (ethanolamine, glycine, and -alanine) at room temperature. The duration and amplitude of oscillations depend on the composition and concentration of the starting reactants, pH, stirring, and surface area through which oxygen diffuses into the system.     

Key role of stable nonequilibrium state of aqueous systems in bioenergetics

Stable nonequilibrium (excited) state of living matter is supported by an energy flux which is gained mostly from one-electron oxygen reduction (genuine burning). Water hydrating biopolymers and supramolecular complexes (interfacial water) account for a significant part of living matter by weight. This polarized water may cause transformation of low-density energy (e.g., heat) into electronic excitation energy and may be directly oxidized by oxygen. Both oxidation of water and oxidation in water exhibit self-organization features and may underlie the intrinsic activity of living matter, which is responsible for its self-preservation, development, and growth.     

Fluctuation dynamics of chemiluminescence in the maillard reaction

The general problems of information deriving from the oscillation kinetics of Belousov-Zhabotinsky reactions were discussed. The discussion was organized around a particular example of the complex fluctuation dynamics of the Maillard reaction, i.e., a multistage reaction between a carbonylcontaining compound and the nucleophilic amino group of an amino-containing compound at different temperatures, as visualized by chemiluminescence. Flicker-noise spectroscopy served as methodological background of the fluctuation analysis comprising the two main steps: separation of low-frequency components attributed to resonances and their interference, from the source signals and analysis of the remaining chaotic components. Possibility of modeling the chaotic dynamics of fluctuations of the measured dynamic variables in terms of anomalous diffusion was shown.     

The stable nonequilibrium state of bicarbonate aqueous systems

Data obtained by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and chemiluminescence analysis indicate that in aqueous solutions of bicarbonates, superoxide radical and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constantly produced. The stationary level of the superoxide radical is found to increase when a solution is illuminated. Reactions involving ROS are shown to be accompanied by the generation of electron excitation energy, keeping bicarbonate solutions in a stable nonequilibrium state. The system can emit part of this energy. Variations in emitting activity are found to correlate with variations in the cosmophysical factors. The emitting activity of solutions is found to vary in the presence of low and ultralow concentrations of hydrated fullerenes. It is noted that the phenomenon of spontaneous charge separation in aqueous systems (G. H. Pollack) could play a role in maintaining a stable nonequilibrium state in bicarbonate systems where the reactions with ROS participation are catalyzed by forms of carbonate. It is concluded that the abovementioned properties of bicarbonate aqueous systems most likely keep living matter whose structural basis is formed by these systems in a stable excited state, thereby making it highly sensitive to the action of external factors with low and ultralow intensities.     

Formation of discontinuities in the wake of a cylinder in a stratified flow

The results of an experimental investigation of continuously stratified flow past a cylinder are presented. It is shown that interfaces with an elevated value of the density gradient (discontinuities) are formed in the wake.Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No.1, pp. 20–26, January–February, 1993.     

Micro-scale instability in a continuously stratified fluid

Experimental observations of small-scale structures caused by flow instabilities at layers of high density gradient in the wake behind a cylinder in a fluid with a continuous salt concentration stratification are reported. In the density wake it is possible to discern a number of structures such as wedge-like structures or cusps; small-scale instabilities (breakers) in the zones of interaction of attached internal waves and the high-gradient wake envelope; small-scale instability of the density boundary layer with a complicated density gradient pattern superimposed on a smooth velocity profile, and small-scale wake structures behind attached vortices in the case of a closed (central) wake envelope.Translated from Izvestiya RossiiskoiAkademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 3, pp. 3–10, May–June, 1995.     

Blood as an active colloidal system: The nonlinear nature of erythrocyte sedimentation in whole blood revealed by video recording with high spatial-temporal resolution

An automatic device for the resolution of red-blood sedimentation at a high temporal level was designed. Using the principles of a technical vision system, a detailed analysis of red-blood sedimentation kinetics revealed the non-linear, macrokinetic behavior of whole-blood sedimentation, including several periods of the observed process. Dynamic changes in the density of the boundary between red blood and plasma, which were manifested in the oscillatory nature of process rate changes and the phenomenon of negative sedimentation, were revealed. Video recording of the process permitted the observation of nano- and microbubles of gas that were evacuating from blood during its settling. A hypothesis was suggested that represents blood as an active colloidal system that consists of at least three components, viz., plasma (liquid), cells (solid), and gas.     

Blood as active colloid system: Study of blood sedimentation upon dilution of saline

Dependence of dynamics of blood sedimentation upon successive dilution of blood with saline solution in vitro was studied basing on the application of the principles of the system of technical vision. Oscillatory nature of the process of sedimentation of boundary between blood cells and plasma dependent on the degree of blood dilution with saline was found rate changes. The correlation between ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and the concentration of saline was determined.