Existence of solutions of semilinear stochastic delay evolution inclusions in a Hilbert space

In this paper the existence of mild solutions of a class of semilinear stochastic evolution inclusions with delays in a Hilbert space is studied. The results are obtained by using a fixed point theorem for condensing map due to Martelli. The result is illustrated with an example.     

Kinetics of oxidation of heterocyclic secondary alcohols by N-chloro-r-2,c-6-diphenyl-t-3 methyl piperidin-4-one (NCP) in perchloric acid medium

An investigation of the kinetics of oxidation of epimeric piperidin-4-ols, oxan-4-ols, and cyclohexanol by N-chloro-r -2, c -6-diphenyl-t -3-methylpiperidin-4-one (NCP) in aqueous acetic acid in the presence of perchloric acid shows that the reaction is first-order each in substrate and oxidant. Both H₃O⁺ and Cl^? which catalyze the reaction, exhibit a fractional order kinetics. While increase in ionic strength increases the rate slightly, an inverse dependence is observed between rate and solvent polarity. Addition of r -2-c -6-diphenyl-t -3-methylpiperidin-4-one, one of the reaction products, did not influence the rate. Also, no kinetic isotope effect has been observed. A plausible mechanism consistent with these observations is proposed and the relative reactivities of the substrates are explained on conformational grounds. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Misuse of Cardiac Lipid upon Exposure to Toxic Trace Elements—A Focused Review

Heavy metals and metalloids like cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and lead are frequently found in the soil, water, food, and atmosphere; trace amounts can cause serious health issues to the human organism. These toxic trace elements (TTE) affect almost all the organs, mainly the heart, kidney, liver, lungs, and the nervous system, through increased free radical formation, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein sulfhydryl depletion. This work aims to advance our understanding of the mechanisms behind lipid accumulation via increased free fatty acid levels in circulation due to TTEs. The increased lipid level in the myocardium worsens the heart function. This dysregulation of the lipid metabolism leads to damage in the structure of the myocardium, inclusive fibrosis in cardiac tissue, myocyte apoptosis, and decreased contractility due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, it is discussed herein how exposure to cadmium decreases the heart rate, contractile tension, the conductivity of the atrioventricular node, and coronary flow rate. Arsenic may induce atherosclerosis by increasing platelet aggregation and reducing fibrinolysis, as exposure interferes with apolipoprotein (Apo) levels, resulting in the rise of the Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratio and an elevated risk of acute cardiovascular events. Concerning mercury and lead, these toxicants can cause hypertension, myocardial infarction, and carotid atherosclerosis, in association with the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress. This review offers a complete overview of the critical factors and biomarkers of lipid and TTE-induced cardiotoxicity useful for developing future protective interventions.     

Spatiotemporal binary interaction and designer quasi-particle condensates

We introduce a new integrable model to investigate the dynamics of two component quasi-particle condensates with spatiotemporal interaction strengths. We derive the associated Lax pair of the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii （GP） equation and construct matter wave solitons, We show that the spatiotemporal binary interaction strengths not only facilitate the stabilization of the condensates, but also enables one to fabricate condensates with desirable densities, geometries, and properties, leading to the so-called ＂designer quasi-particle condensates＂.     

Experimental determination of thermal conductivity and viscosity of different nanofluids and its effect on a hybrid solar collector

In this research, three different volume concentrations (??=?0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%) of Al₂O₃/water, CuO/water and Al₂O₃–CuO/water (50:50) nanofluids are prepared by adopting a two-step nanofluid preparation method. Al₂O₃ and CuO nanoparticles with the average diameter of 50 nm and 27 nm were dispersed in distilled water. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of prepared nanofluids are measured for different temperatures by using KD2 Pro thermal property analyzed and Brookfield viscometer, respectively. The effects of nanofluids on the thermal, electrical and overall efficiency of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) solar collector are also studied. The experimental results revealed that the thermal conductivity and viscosity increase with the increase in percentage volume concentration and viscosity decreases with the increase in temperature. Furthermore, the obtained maximum thermal and electrical efficiencies of a PVT solar collector for 0.2% volume concentration of hybrid nanofluids are 82% and 15%, respectively, at peak solar radiation. The highest overall efficiency of a PVT collector with .2% volume concentration of hybrid nanofluid was 97% at peak solar radiation. Results recommend that nanofluids can be used as a heat transfer in PVT solar collector.

     

Construction of hybrid polycyclic quinolinobenzo[a]phenazinone architectures using solid-state melt reaction (SSMR)

Molecular Diversity - An efficient and versatile protocol for the synthesis of hybrid polycyclic quinolinobenzo[a]phenazinones has been developed under SSMR condition via intramolecular domino...     

Anti-Inflammatory,Antioxidative, and Nitric Oxide-Scavenging Activities of a Quercetin Nanosuspension with Polyethylene Glycol in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Quercetin (Qu) is a dietary antioxidant and a member of flavonoids in the plant polyphenol family. Qu has a high ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) molecules; hence, exhibiting beneficial effects in preventing obesity, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation. However, quercetin has low bioavailability due to poor water solubility, low absorption, and rapid excretion from the body. To address these issues, the usage of Qu nanosuspensions can improve physical stability, solubility, and pharmacokinetics. Therefore, we developed a Qu and polyethylene glycol nanosuspension (Qu-PEG NS) and confirmed its interaction by Fourier transform infrared analysis. Qu-PEG NS did not show cytotoxicity to HaCaT and RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, Qu-PEG NS effectively reduced the nitrogen oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, Qu-PEG NS effectively lowered the levels of COX-2, NF-κB p65, and IL-1β in the LPS-induced inflammatory RAW 264.7 cells. Specifically, Qu-PEG NS exhibited anti-inflammatory properties by scavenging the ROS and RNS and mediated the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways. In addition, Qu-PEG NS had a high antioxidant effect and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus. Therefore, the developed novel nanosuspension showed comparable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial functions and may also improve solubility and physical stability compared to raw quercetin.     

Repeated two-hybrid screening detects transient protein–protein interactions

Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening is a powerful method to detect protein–protein interactions (PPI) at the genomic-scale. A recently proposed framework for binary interactome mapping recommends the repeated screening approach to improve the quality of PPI data. Such repeated screening reveals Y2H interactions ranging from highly sampled to singleton interactions. The quality and the biological significance of interactions from distinguished sampling classes remain unknown. In order to systematically characterize such interactions, we have chosen a dataset of 1,262 interactions that were screened repeatedly four-times. The interactions were classified as highly sampled, weakly sampled, and singleton interactions. We assessed the quality of interactions in different sampling classes using features such as protein structural properties, conservation in yeast and presence of known domain–domain interactions that are previously associated with false positive rates. Our analysis reveals that the quality of singleton interactions is comparable to that of highly sampled interactions. Interestingly, singletons encompass a higher fraction of known domain–domain interactions than highly sampled ones. Furthermore, we observed that the singleton interactions are transient in nature, while the highly sampled interactions are predominantly part of stable complexes. Hence, the repeated Y2H screening method is ideal for detecting transient PPIs that are crucial in cellular signaling pathways.