Determination of Vardenafil in Pure and Dosage Forms by Spectrophotometry

Journal of Applied Spectroscopy - Three simple, sensitive, precise, and rapid spectrophotometric methods are developed and optimized for the assay of vardenafil in pharmaceutical formulations. The...     

Hydromagnetic instability of streaming fluids in porous medium

The instability of the plane interface between two uniform, superposed, electrically conducting and counter-streaming fluids through a porous medium is considered in the presence of a horizontal magnetic field. In the absence of surface tension, perturbations transverse to the direction of streaming are found to be unaffected by the presence of streaming if perturbations in the direction of streaming are ignored. For perturbations in all other directions there exists instability for a certain wavenumber range. The instability of this system is postponed by the presence of magnetic field. The magnetic field and surface tension are able to suppress this Kelvin-Helmholtz instability for small wavelength perturbations and the medium porosity reduces the stability range given in terms of a difference between the streaming velocities and the Alfvén velocity.This research forms a part of the research project awarded to the first author (R.C.S.) by the University Grants Commission.     

Thin layer chromatographic studies of anils II. Separation,identification and determination

Thin layer chromatographic behaviour of ten anils was studied on silica gel adsorbent mixed with starch binder with ten solvent systems. Simultaneous separation, identification and determination of ternary mixtures of isomers was stressed. TheR _F increasing order was found to be dependent on the solvent and independent of the degree of saturation of the chamber. The correlations ofR _F with _max and (C=O) of isomers were established and used in their identification. Six anils were separated in methanol—benzene (11).     

Sensitive and selective ion exchange test for microgram detection and spectrophotometric determination of picric acid

The microgram detection and determination of picric acid with sodium hypochlorite solution is based on its oxidation in alkaline solution and chlorination with excess of chlorine present in hypochlorite solution. A characteristic orange color is obtained, which can be used as a specific test. The sensitivity of the picric acid was enhanced by performing the resin spot test. This color reaction was applied for the determination of picric acid spectrophotometrically.     

P(i-PrNCH2CH2)3N: An efficient nonionic catalyst for the regioselective Michael addition of a β,γ-unsaturated ester and a nitrile

Michael additions of a β,γ-unsaturated ester and a nitrile to a variety of α,β-unsaturated ketones can be effected with high regioselectivity and in good yields using P(i-PrNCH₂CH₂)₃N as a catalyst.     

Fourth-derivative spectrophotometric determination of fungicide ferbam (iron(III) dimethyldithiocarbamate) in a commercial sample and wheat grains using 2,2′-bipyridyl

A procedure has been developed for the direct fourth-derivative spectrophotometric determination of iron(III) dimethyldithiocarbamate by converting it into an iron(II) 2,2'-bipyridyl complex, which is then dissolved in Triton X-100. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range 0.5-20 microg mL(-1 )in the final solution. Various parameters such as the effect of pH and interference of large number of ions on the determination of ferbam have been studied in detail. The method is sensitive, highly selective and can be used for the determination of ferbam in a commercial sample and in mixtures with various dithiocarbamates (ziram, zineb, maneb, etc.) and from wheat grains.     

Preparation and reactions of triphenylarsoranylideneketene

Preparation and some reactions of the first cumulated ylide of arsenic, viz. triphenylarsoranylideneketene are described.     

Heavy-metal remediation by a fungus as a means of production of lead and cadmium carbonate crystals

We show here that reaction of the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum, with the aqueous heavy-metal ions Pb2+ and Cd2+ results in the one-step formation of the corresponding metal carbonates. The metal carbonates are formed by reaction of the heavy-metal ions with CO2 produced by the fungus during metabolism and thus provide a completely biological method for production of crystals of metal carbonates. The PbCO3 and CdCO3 crystals thus produced have interesting morphologies that are shown to arise because of interaction of the growing crystals with specific proteins secreted by the fungus during reaction. An additional advantage of this approach is that the reaction leads to detoxification of the aqueous solution and could have immense potential for bioremediation of heavy metals. Under conditions of this study, the metal ions are not toxic to the fungus, which readily grows after exposure to the metal ions.     

Recovery of americium from nitric acid solutions containing calcium by different co-precipitation methods

Recovery of americium from nitric acid solutions was studied by co-precipitation as hydroxide with various ions like calcium, ferric, nickel using sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide. Studies were also carried out to recover americium using lanthanum fluoride and bismuth phosphate co-precipitation. All the methods are able to co-precipitate Am quantitatively. However, co-precipitation of Am with optimum concentration iron using ammonia is found to be better from nitric acid solutions containing large concentrations of calcium ions. Approximately 2 g of Am was recovered from 150 litres of solution batch wise using iron.     

Pinacol Formation and Reduction of Aromatic Carbonyls with Magnesium–Methanol at Ambient Temperature

A simple and inexpensive procedure for the pinacol formation of aromatic aldehydes and reduction of aromatic ketones to the corresponding alcohols with magnesium in dry methanol at ambient temperature is reported. The pinacol formation and reduction are proposed to be proceeding by SET from magnesium.