Cyclic deformation of aluminium and its alloys

The formation of slip bands is the main mechanism of cyclic deformation in pure Al. Their density, orientation and heights in polycrystalline Al were investigated during cycling. Types, sizes and densities of precipitates are responsible for the mode of cyclic deformation in AlCu4 pure alloy. In technical Al alloys intermetallic phases have detrimental effects on deformation homogeneity and largely govern the fatigue mechanism of the material and especially microcrack initiation.     

含氧光敏引发体系的研究——Ⅵ.二苯酮/三乙胺体系引发光聚合过程中的再次引发效应

过去,作者曾发表了多种光敏引发体系引发烯类单体光聚合的工作,在研究2,2-二甲氧基苯乙酮在氧存在下引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯光聚合时,结合在聚合物链端的引发剂碎片具有光化学活性,在光聚合反应中产生高分子自由基,发生再次聚合,出现高分子量     

Ellipticity of the Linearly Polarized He-Ne Laser Radiation Reflected by the Leaves of Plants

The phenomenon of elliptical polarization of the linearly polarized radiation reflected near the Brewster angle by the leaves of plants has been investigated. It has been shown that the appearance of ellipticity is associated with the complex structure of the cuticle.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 72, No. 2, pp. 236–240, March–April, 2005.     

Calculation of Systematic Errors in Determining Light‐Scattering Matrix Elements

We consider systematic errors in determining lightscattering matrix elements by a device in which the polarization properties of probing radiation change depending on different angular positionings of the principal directions of the first phase plate, and we perform polarization analysis of scattered radiation using the Fourier expansion of the signal from a photodetector that records the intensity of radiation passed through the rotating second phase plate and a stationary analyzer. Formulas estimating the errors arising in separate deviation of the axes of the anisotropic optical elements in the illuminating and lightreceiving channels of the measuring device were derived. Using the method of mathematical simulation, we consider the combined influence of various inaccuracies in positioning anisotropic elements.     

Taking into account scattering of polarized laser radiation by cuvet walls when probing blood

We have studied the ratio of the intensities of radiation scattered by a layer of blood in a cuvet and by the cuvet walls for normal incidence or incidence at the Brewster angle for probing radiation from a He-Ne laser, linearly polarized in the plane of incidence (plane of observation) or orthogonal to that plane. We have compared it with the intensity of the radiation reflected by the surface of the cuvet wall, as estimated based on the geometric approximation. We have found the optimal conditions for probing and observing scattering for the layer in a cuvet, where such conditions are characterized by a minimal effect from the cuvet walls and the maximum ratio of useful signal to background. Report given at the Fifth International Scientific and Technical Conference on Quantum Electronics, 22–25 November 2004, Minsk, Belarus. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 270–272, March–April, 2006.     

Change in the optical properties of paper when exposed to the magnetic component of a high-frequency electromagnetic field

We have used laser Stokes polarimetry to study changes in the structure of paper for offset printing when exposed to a high-frequency electromagnetic field. We have shown that the effect of a high-frequency electromagnetic field on paper appears as a decrease in the structural ordering of the material and a change in the shape of the indicatrix of the reflected radiation power from an He-Ne laser at the wavelength 632.8 nm, a decrease in the bidirectional reflection and transmission coefficients of the paper. We have established that when the force lines of the magnetic component of the high-frequency electromagnetic field are oriented perpendicular to the plane of the sheet of paper, we observe a more substantial decrease in the anisotropy in the surface layer and within the interior (the volume) of the paper than when the lines of force are oriented parallel to the plane of the paper. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 74, No. 4, pp. 421–426, July–August, 2007.     

Special features of the use of wedge-shaped plates in a two-channel polarimeter

B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 70 F. Skorina Ave., Minsk, 220072, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 62, No. 6, pp. 170–173, November–December, 1995.     

Gamma-ray bursts from evaporating primordial black holes

It is believed that the detection of gamma-ray bursts from evaporating primordial black holes is highly improbable in the near future since the expected photon flux, consisting mainly of photons with energies ≳ GeV, is too low. Contrary to this point of view, we show that a large fraction of the black hole power at the final stage of evaporation (the last 10³ s) can be liberated as a burst of soft γ-ray emission of duration 10⁻¹–10³ s and luminosity 10²⁸–10³¹ erg/s in the energy range 0.1–1 MeV. According to our calculations of the black hole evaporation rate (within the Standard Model of elementary particles), when the black hole temperature exceeds approximately 10 GeV, the charged particle outflow from a black hole forms a well-defined plasma and can be described in the hydrodynamic approximation. In this case more than half of the rest energy of a black hole can be converted into soft gamma-rays due to the presence of the magnetic field with energy density comparable to that of charged particles. We consider various mechanisms leading to such transformation and estimate their efficiency. It is shown that, at least, some of the gamma-ray bursts detected by BATSE can be associated with evaporating black holes. Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 36–45, January, 1998.     

Electronic-vibrational spectra of nonequivalent europium luminescence centers in lanthanide oxides

Journal of Applied Spectroscopy -     

The effect of LH wave on the peripheral plasma of TM-1-MH tokamak

The work is devoted to the study of the LH wave effect on the peripheral plasma of the TM-1-MH tokamak. The observed enhancement of the ion saturated current in the limiter shadow is interpreted as heating of the peripheral ions by absorption of decay waves generated in this region due to the nonlinear wave-plasma interaction.