Cluster growth in particle-conserving cellular automata

A class of simple two-dimensional cellular automata with particle conservation is proposed for easy simulations of interacting particle systems. The automata are defined by the exchange of states of neighboring cells, depending on the configurations around the cells. By attributing an energy to a configuration of cells, we can select significant rules from the huge number of possible rules and classify them into several groups, based on the analogy with a binary alloy. By numerical calculations, cluster growth is found in two kinds of phases which reveal gas-solid coexistence and liquid droplets. Normalized scaling functions are obtained, and dynamical scaling is examined.     

Interaction of two parallel plane jets of different velocities

The interaction of two parallel plane jets of different velocities is studied by flow visualization and PIV measurement to examine the influence of velocity ratio on the development ofjets in the initial region. It is found that the parallel plane jets develop toward the high velocity side and the jet width is reduced with a decrease in the jet velocity ratio. Corresponding to the variation of mean velocity field to the velocity ratio, the magnitudes of turbulence intensities, Reynolds stress and static pressure are weakened in the merging region of the jets and their peak locations of the properties are shifted to the high velocity side. These results indicate that the interaction of two parallel jets is weakened with a decrease in the velocity ratio of the jets.     

Excess molar heat capacities of ((<Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis>)-(+)-α-pinene+(<Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis>)-(-)- α-pinene) at temperatures between 293.15-308.15 K

Summary {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1250\deff0\deflang1038\deflangfe1038\deftab708{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fprq2\fcharset238{\*\fname Times New Roman;}Times New Roman CE;}} \viewkind4\uc1\pard\f0\fs20 New explanations are given for two types of irregular thermogravimetric (TG) data. A TG relationship between mass and temperature is derived on the basis of migration behavior of bubbles generated in bulk of sample system, and superposed on that derived on the basis of kinetics of the 4\super th\nosupersub order event, which is superposed on the experimental TG data obtained from three reference papers. This suggests that these TG data are reflecting migration of bubbles. A dependence of TG behavior on heating rate, which is contrary to usual that, is shown and is explained in terms of event-rate determination by boiling. \par }     

Alkynylzirconation of alkynes and application to one-pot bisalkynylation of alkynes

Stereocontrolled alkynylzirconation of unactivated alkynes was achieved by the reaction of an alkyne with Cp2ZrEt2 and alkynyl halide in this order. After hydrolysis of the alkynylzirconation product, trisubstituted enyne derivatives were obtained in good yields. Functionalized enynes were also prepared by the reaction of the alkynylzirconation products with a variety of electrophiles. Subsequent addition of the second alkynyl halide to the alkynylzirconation products provided an in situ protocol for bisalkynylation of alkynes into (Z)-enediynes in good yields.     

Thermody namic functions of 1,2-alkanediols in dilute aqueous solutions

The heat capacities of binary aqueous solutions of 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol and 1,2-butanediol were measured at temperatures ranging from 283.15 to 338.15 K by differential scanning calorimetry. The partial molar heat capacities at the infinite dilution were then calculated for the respective alkanediols. For 1,2-ethanediol or 1,2-propanediol, the partial molar heat capacities at the infinite dilution of increased with increasing temperature. In contrast, the partial molar heat capacities of 1,2-butanediol at the infinite dilution decreased with increasing temperature. Heat capacity changes by dissolution of the alkanediols were also determined. Heat capacity changes caused by the dissolution of 1,2-ethanediol or 1,2-propanediol were increase with increasing temperature. On the other hand, heat capacity changes caused by the dissolution of 1,2-butanediol are decrease with increasing temperature. Thus our results indicated that the structural changes of water caused by the dissolution of 1,2-butanediol differed from that of the two other alkanediols. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Enthalpies of mixing of <Emphasis Type="Italic">o</Emphasis>- and <Emphasis Type="Italic">m</Emphasis>-isomers at 298.15 K

Excess enthalpies (H ^E) of 17 binary mixtures of o- and m-isomers of dichlorobenzene, difluorobenzene, methoxymethylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, dimethoxybenzene, aminofluorobenzene, fluoronitrobenzene, diethylbenzene, chlorofluorobenzene, fluoroiodobenzene, bromofluorobenzene, chloromethylbenzene, fluoromethylbenzene, bromomethylbenzene, iodomethylbenzene, fluoromethoxybenzene, dibromobenzene at 298.15 K were measured. All excess enthalpies measured were very small, and those of o-+m-isomers of aminofluorobenzene, dibromobenzene and iodomethylbenzene were negative but 14 other binary mixtures of isomers were positive over the whole range of mole fractions. H ^E of o-+m-isomers of dimethoxybenzene showed the largest enthalpic instability and those of aminofluorobenzene showed the largest enthalpic stability. There was a correlation between dipole–dipole interaction, dipole–induced dipole interaction or entropies of vaporization and excess partial molar enthalpies at infinite dilution.