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The characteristics of binding of two phenothiazine antipsychothic drugs, chlorpromazine (CPZ) and trifluoperazine (TFP), to anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) monomers and/or micelles were investigated using electronic absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. Binding constants K(b) and pK(a) values for the drugs in SDS micelles were estimated using the red shifts of the maximum absorption and changes in absorption upon alkalization or in the presence of surfactant. The pK(a) shift of CPZ due to its interaction with SDS micelles is about 0.7 unit to higher values, as compared to the reported value of pK(a) obtained in buffer around 9.3. For TFP the pK(a) shift is 0.4 unit to higher values compared to that in buffer, reported as 4.0. The electronic absorption spectroscopic data suggest a biphasic interaction as a function of detergent concentration which is quite dependent of the protonation states of the drugs. In the case of TFP a very strong binding takes place when the drug is fully protonated (pH 2.0) and a distinct binding takes place at stoichiometric (low) surfactant concentrations (interaction via surfactant monomers) and at higher concentrations (in the presence of micelles). Static fluorescence probe analysis using pyrene was used to study the nature of the phenothiazine-surfactant premicellar and self-aggregates. The I(3)/I(1) and I(475)/I(1) ratios associated to pyrene fluorescence vibronic bands and excimer intensities ratios, respectively, were monitored for several ratios [SDS]/[drug] and significant changes, dependent of the drug presence and its protonation state, have been observed revealing a hydrophobic microenvironment provided by TFP-SDS aggregates in comparison with CPZ both at pH 7.0 and 4.0. Static anisotropy was also used to monitor the changes of the self-aggregates and micellar packing in the presence of the phenothiazine drugs. In aqueous solutions the anisotropy of the fluorescent probe dipyridamole (DIP) is quite low, being around 0.005 at pH 7.0 and 0.025 at pH 4.0, and the addition of detergent leads to an increase in the values of anisotropy to 0.030 at pH 7.0 and 0.070 at pH 4.0. In the presence of the phenothiazine drugs, and in the premicellar detergent concentration range, the anisotropy of DIP increases to 0.134 and 0.111 (dependent on drug concentration) for CPZ and TFP, respectively, at pH 4.0. These results suggest that the presence of both phenotiazine drugs makes the premicellar aggregates more rigid by decreasing the probe mobility, and are consistent with a more polar localization of the CPZ in the micelles as compared with TFP. At pH 7.0 the anisotropy changes are smaller, suggesting a slight decrease in CMC induced by the phenothiazines. Copyright 2000 Academic Press. 相似文献
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SOLIMAN A.Y. BAKEER H.M. ATTIA LA.Science Department Faculty of Teachers P.O.Box Alhasa Saudi Arabia Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Fayoum Cairo University EgyptFaculty of Engineering Ain Shames University Egypt 《中国化学》1996,14(6):532-540
3-(4-Phenyl) benzoyl propionic acid was used as the starting material for the synthesisof furanones (2), pyrrolinones (5), pyridazinones (7), benzoxazinones (8) and quinazolinones (9-11). The behaviour of the derivatives of furanones and benzoxazinones toward different nucleophiles is reported. 相似文献
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The surface area of kaolinite-benzamide (K-Bz)6.62 m2 g–1, whichis noticeably lower than that of kaolinite-dimethyl sulphoxide (K-DMSO) 14.61m2 g–1, the co-perturbationof the inner-surface hydroxyl features at 3697 and 3650 cm–1,and the increase of d(001) value by 7.44 Å are all related to the benzamidespecies inserted into the kaolinite structure through the replacement of theK-DMSO composites. Disappearance of the DMSO reflections and emergence ofwell-defined features at 6.04(2θ) and 11.16(2θ), 001 and 002 reflectionswith d values of 14.62 and 7.92 Å, respectively point out that the DMSOspecies were substituted efficiently by benzamide molecules. The thermal stabilityof the K-Bz derivative up to 300°C can be attributed to the slightly tiltedaromatic ring keying into the gibbsitic sheets via the –NH2groups. 相似文献
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MENG Jian REN Yu-Fang LI Xiao-GuangLaboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry Physics Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin ChinaPopov V.V. Repin S.M. Smirnov LA. loffe Physicotechnical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Saint Petersburg Russia 《中国化学》1994,12(5):419-424
YBa2Cu3-xVxO7-y(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6) superconductors have been prepared. X-ray diffraction shows that the system remains orthorhombic for all compositions studied, but for x > 0.4 V2O5 was detected as an impurity phase. Substitution of V5+ for Cu2+ occurs in the Cu(2) sites on the Cu(2)-O planes. The introduction of the high valence element, vanadium, produces the extra free-electrons. These electrons recombine with the positive carrier of the system. It makes depression of the mobility and the Hall number of YBa2Cu3-xVxO7-v and also results in a depression of TC. 相似文献
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MARIAN ELBANOWSKI MARIA PAETZ JANUSZ SIAWINSKI LESZEK CIELA 《Photochemistry and photobiology》1988,47(3):463-466
Abstract— Chemiluminescence of the Eu(II)/Eu(III)-adenine nucleotide-H2 O2 system and fluorescence of the Eu(III)-adenosine triphosphate system have been investigated. The spectral distribution of the chemiluminescence emission has shown an occurrence of three main bands (Λ=470–480,590–620 and ca. 700 nm). The energy transfer process from the adenosine triphosphate molecules to the Eu(III) ions has been observed in the fluorescence spectrum. The examined chemiluminescence and fluorescence spectra show that these both kinds of emission originate from the 5 D *** τ7 F*** ( n =1–4) transitions in the Eu(III) ions. 相似文献
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Yukun Li Leela Christian‐Tabak Vivien Li Fong Fuan Jiong Zou Chong Cheng 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2014,52(22):3250-3259
Amphiphilic double‐brush copolymers (DBCs) with each graft site quantitatively carrying both a hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) graft and a hydrophobic polystyrene (PSt) graft are synthesized by sequential reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). These DBCs are used as both surfactants and polyfunctional RAFT agents in the radical polymerization of St in aqueous dispersed media. Miniemulsions with narrowly dispersed St‐based nanodroplets are readily obtained after ultrasonication of the reaction mixtures. Without the presence of crosslinker, chain‐extension polymerization of St from the DBCs yields well‐defined polymeric latexes with narrow size distributions. However, with the presence of divinylbenzene (DVB) as the crosslinker, vesicular polymeric nanoparticles are formed as the major product. Such crosslinking‐induced change in morphology of the resulting latex nanomaterials may be ascribed to the increase of interfacial curvature in the heterophase systems during crosslinking polymerization. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 3250–3259 相似文献
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A. L. Roes L. B. Tabak L. Shen E. Nieuwlaar M. K. Patel 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2010,12(6):2011-2028
The goal of our study was to investigate the potential benefits of reinforcing polymer matrices with nanoobjects for structural applications by looking at both the mechanical properties and environmental impacts. For determining the mechanical properties, we applied the material indices defined by Ashby for stiffness and strength. For the calculation of environmental impacts, we applied the life cycle assessment methodology, focusing on non-renewable energy use (NREU). NREU has shown to be a good indicator also for other environmental impacts. We then divided the NREU by the appropriate Ashby index to obtain the ‘functionality-based NREU’. We studied 23 different nanocomposites, based on thermoplastic and thermosetting polymer matrices and organophilic montmorillonite, silica, carbon nanotubes (single-walled and multiwalled) and calcium carbonate as filler. For 17 of these, we saw a decrease of the functionality-based NREU with increasing filler content. We draw the conclusion that the use of nanoobjects as filler can have benefits from both an environmental point of view and with respect to mechanical properties. 相似文献
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针对纤维材料变温环境力学性能测试的需要,在华中科技大学研制的纤维材料试验机的基础上引入了温控装置,从而实现纤维材料在高低温环境下的力学性能测试。采用该装置对不同直径微米铜丝在不同温度、不同拉伸速率条件下的力学性能开展实验研究,测试结果表明弹性模量和抗拉强度随温度的降低而线性增加,屈服强度的变化不太明显。另外,低温环境下微米铜丝的力学性能表现出与其直径相关的尺度效应,而这一现象在常温下一直没有观测到。最后,还研究了拉伸速率对微米铜丝的力学性能影响,结果表明,在现有装置的许用范围之内,拉伸速率对其力学性能的影响不大。 相似文献