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1.
Susan Baker Lisa Kelchner Barbara Weinrich Linda Lee Paul Willging Robin Cotton Karen Zur 《Journal of voice》2006,20(4):631-641
Laryngotracheal stenosis is defined as a congenital or acquired narrowing of the airway. Congenital causes may include subglottic membranous or cartilaginous narrowing. Acquired causes may include trauma due to prolonged endotracheal or tracheal intubation or laryngotracheal injury. Although advances have been made over the past 30 years in reconstructive surgeries to improve airway patency in these patients, long-term laryngeal function for voice production is not well defined in this population. This review examines causes, symptoms and signs, and methods for diagnosing laryngotracheal stenosis. Surgical management procedures are briefly summarized. The current literature on voice outcomes is summarized. The predominant voice characteristics in the population are presented, although results are challenged by the heterogeneity of voice presentation and paucity of data from instrumental measures. Considerations for subjective and instrumental assessment, measures of quality of life, instrumental methods, and treatment options specific to the needs of this population are discussed. Research strategies to identify long-term outcomes of surgical and behavioral treatments in this population are posed. 相似文献
2.
Benjamin J. K. Evans Susan M. Scott Antony C. Searle 《General Relativity and Gravitation》2002,34(10):1675-1684
We have developed a new tool for numerical work in General Relativity: GRworkbench. We discuss how GRworkbench's implementation of a numerically-amenable analogue to Differential Geometry facilitates the development of robust and chart-independent numerical algorithms. We consider, as an example, geodesic tracing on two charts covering the exterior Schwarzschild space-time. 相似文献
3.
INTERSECTION OF PRIME SUBMODULES AND DIMENSION OF MODULES 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A.Azizi 《数学物理学报(B辑英文版)》2005,25(3):385-394
The aim of this paper is to study the conditions by which a P-prime submodule can be expressed as a finite intersection or union of P-prime submodules. Also corresponding to dimension and rank of modules, some equivalent conditions for a ring to be a Dedekind domain are given. 相似文献
4.
Najmedin Azizi 《Tetrahedron letters》2004,45(50):9233-9236
Under solvent-free reaction conditions and in the presence of solid LiClO4 a novel and mild protocol for the one-pot, three-component synthesis of primary α-amino phosphonates from an aldehyde, hexamethyldisilazane and a trialkyl phosphite is described giving high yields and having short reaction times. The same products are obtained in very low yields, when the three-component reaction is carried out under microwave irradiation and in the absence of solid LiClO4. Examples of some prepared 1-aryl-N,N′-bis(arylidene)methanediamines are also described. 相似文献
5.
A. Azizi 《Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal》2003,53(3):529-534
In this paper we characterize weak multiplication modules. 相似文献
6.
7.
Mark Doyle Susan A. Mulligan Tetsuya Matsuda Gerald M. Pohost 《Magnetic resonance imaging》1992,10(6):887-892
A new “bright blood” strategy, outflow refreshment imaging, is introduced in which a number of overlapping slices are excited in rapid succession. Flowing spins that refresh each overlapped slice portion contribute a bright signal. Additionally, static tissue in each non-overlapped slice portion also yields a bright signal. However, the flow/static contrast is comparable to that produced in inflow refreshment images, and angiograms can be generated by conventional maximum intensity projection processing. The dual ability to visualize angiograms and static tissue images is a major benefit of the strategy. Computer simulations of flow sensitivities and in vivo results are presented which compare the outflow and inflow refreshment imaging strategies. 相似文献
8.
This paper presents an analysis of a portfolio model which can be used to assist a property-liability insurance company in determining the optimal composition of the insurance and investment portfolios. By introducing insurer's threshold risk and relaxing some non-realistic assumptions made in traditional chance constraint insurance and investment portfolio models, we propose a method for an insurer to maximize his return threshold for a given threshold risk level. This proposed model can be used to optimize the composition of underwriting and investment portfolios regarding the insurer's threshold risk level, as well as to generate the efficient frontier by adjusting insurer's threshold risk levels. A numerical example is given based on the industry's aggregated data for a sixteen year period. 相似文献
9.
Treatment of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes with chiral amines and trimethylsilyl cyanide in the absence or in the presence
of Lewis acids (including lithium perchlorate) under solvent-free conditions afforded the corresponding α-aminonitriles in
good yields and with a diastereoselectivity of 68 to 86%.
Published in Russian in Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, 2006, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 56–59.
The text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
10.