A Simple and Strong Electron‐Deficient 5,6‐Dicyano[2,1,3]benzothiadiazole‐Cored Donor‐Acceptor‐Donor Compound for Efficient Near Infrared Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence

Despite the success of thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials in steering the next generation of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), effective near infrared (NIR) TADF emitters are still very rare. Here, we present a simple and extremely high electron‐deficient compound, 5,6‐dicyano[2,1,3]benzothiadiazole (CNBz), as a strong electron‐accepting unit to develop a sufficiently strong donor‐acceptor (D?A) interaction for NIR emission. End‐capping with the electron‐donating triphenylamine (TPA) unit created an effective D?A?D type system, giving rise to an efficient NIR TADF emissive molecule (λ_em=750 nm) with a very small ΔE_ST of 0.06 eV. The electroluminescent device using this NIR TADF emitter exhibited an excellent performance with a high maximum radiance of 10020 mW Sr^?1 m^?2, a maximum EQE of 6.57% and a peak wavelength of 712 nm.     

Structures and reaction mechanisms of propene oxide isomerization on H-ZSM-5: an ONIOM study

The isomerization mechanisms of propene oxide over H-ZSM-5 zeolite have been investigated via the utilization of 5T and 46T cluster models calculated by the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and the ONIOM(B3LYP/6-31G(d,p):UFF) methods, respectively. The reactions are considered to proceed through a stepwise mechanism: (1) the epoxide ring protonation, and concurrently the ring-opening, and (2) the 1,2-hydride shift forming the adsorbed carbonyl compound. Because of the asymmetric structure of propene oxide, two different C-O bonds (more or less substituted carbon atom sides) can be broken leading to two different types of products, propanal and propanone. The ring-opening step of these mechanisms is found to be the rate-determining step with an activation barrier of 38.5 kcal/mol for the propanal and of 42.4 kcal/mol for the propanone. Therefore, the propanal is predicted to be the main product for this reaction.     

The Tarry-Escott problem of degree two

The optimum reduced solutions of degree two of the Tarry-Escott problem over a ring of Gaussian integers and over a ring of polynomials over a finite field are completely determined.     

Andrographolide Inhibits Epstein–Barr Virus Lytic Reactivation in EBV-Positive Cancer Cell Lines through the Modulation of Epigenetic-Related Proteins

Reactivation of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is associated with EBV-associated malignancies and is considered to be a benefit target for treatment. Andrographolide is claimed to have antiviral and anti-tumor activities. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of andrographolide on the inhibition of EBV lytic reactivation in EBV-positive cancer cells. The cytotoxicity of andrographolide was firstly evaluated in EBV-positive cancer cells; P3HR1, AGS-EBV and HONE1-EBV cells, using an MTT assay. Herein, the spontaneous expression of EBV lytic genes; BALF5, BRLF1 and BZLF1, was significantly inhibited in andrographolide-treated cells. Accordingly, andrographolide inhibited the expression of Zta and viral production in sodium butyrate (NaB)-induced EBV lytic reactivation. Additionally, proteomics and bioinformatics analysis revealed the differentially expressed proteins that inhibit EBV lytic reactivation in all treated cell lines were functionally related with the histone modifications and chromatin organization, such as histone H3-K9 modification and histone H3-K27 methylation. Taken together, andrographolide inhibits EBV reactivation in EBV-positive cancer cells by inhibiting EBV lytic genes, probably, through the histone modifications.     

Unveiling the CO Oxidation Mechanism over a Molecularly Defined Copper Single-Atom Catalyst Supported on a Metal–Organic Framework

Elucidating the reaction mechanism in heterogeneous catalysis is critically important for catalyst development, yet remains challenging because of the often unclear nature of the active sites. Using a molecularly defined copper single-atom catalyst supported by a UiO-66 metal–organic framework (Cu/UiO-66) allows a detailed mechanistic elucidation of the CO oxidation reaction. Based on a combination of in situ/operando spectroscopies, kinetic measurements including kinetic isotope effects, and density-functional-theory-based calculations, we identified the active site, reaction intermediates, and transition states of the dominant reaction cycle as well as the changes in oxidation/spin state during reaction. The reaction involves the continuous reactive dissociation of adsorbed O₂, by reaction of O_2,ad with CO_ad, leading to the formation of an O atom connecting the Cu center with a neighboring Zr⁴⁺ ion as the rate limiting step. This is removed in a second activated step.     

Investigation of ethylene dimerization over faujasite zeolite by the ONIOM method.

Ethylene dimerization was investigated by using an 84T cluster of faujasite zeolite modeled by the ONIOM3(MP2/6-311++G(d,p):HF/6-31G(d):UFF) method. Concerted and stepwise mechanisms were evaluated. In the stepwise mechanism, the reaction proceeds by protonation of ethylene to form the surface ethoxide and then C--C bond formation between the ethoxide and the second ethylene molecule to give the butoxide product. The first step is rate-determining and has an activation barrier of 30.06 kcal mol(-1). The ethoxide intermediate is rather reactive and readily reacts with another ethylene molecule with a smaller activation energy of 28.87 kcal mol(-1). In the concerted mechanism, the reaction occurs in one step of simultaneous protonation and C--C bond formation. The activation barrier is calculated to be 38.08 kcal mol(-1). Therefore, the stepwise mechanism should dominate in ethylene dimerization.     

Structures, energetics and reaction mechanisms of nitrous oxide on transition-metal-doped and -undoped single-wall carbon nanotubes

The catalytic activity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the removal of greenhouse gases, like nitrous oxide (N(2)O), can be fine-tuned by metal doping. We modify the inert surfaces of CNTs with Sc, Ti and V transition metals in order to investigate their capability of converting N(2)O to N(2). The stable composite catalysts of Sc-, Ti- and V-doped (5,5)single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), along with the unmodified one were investigated by periodic DFT calculations. Without metal doping, the N(2) O decomposition on the bare tube proceeds over a high energy barrier (54.3 kcal mol(-1)) which in the presence of active metals is reduced to 3.6, 8.0 and 10.2 kcal mol(-1) for V-, Ti- and Sc-doped (5,5)SWCNTs, respectively. The superior reactivity is a result of the facilitated electron transfer between the tube and N(2)O caused by the overlap between the d orbitals of the metal and the p orbitals of N(2)O.     

Coumarin-cored carbazole dendrimers as solution-processed non-doped green emitters for electroluminescent devices

A series of green-emitting thiophenyl coumarin-cored carbazole dendrimers containing carbazole dendrons up to the third generation as substituent were synthesized and characterization. Their optical, thermal, electrochemical, and electroluminescent properties as non-doped solution-processed light-emitters for OLEDs were investigated. By incorporating carbazole dendrons in the molecule, we are able to reduce the crystallization and retain the high emissive ability of a planar thiophenyl coumarin fluorescent core in the solid state as well as improve the thermal stability of the material. These dendrimers showed a bright-green fluorescence and can form morphologically stable amorphous thin films with glass-transition temperatures as high as 285 °C. Simple structured solution-processed OLEDs using these materials as hole-transporting non-doped emitters and BCP as a buffer layer emit a stable green electroluminescence (λ_EL=502–526 nm) with high luminance efficiencies (up to 7.92 cd/A at 7.39 mA/cm²) and high green color purity (CIE=0.26, 0.62, which are close to the pure green color).     

Glycoproteomic analysis and molecular modeling of haptoglobin multimers

Extra-thiol groups on the α-subunit allow haptoglobin (Hp) to form a variety of native multimers which influence the biophysical and biological properties of Hp. In this work, we demonstrated how differences of multimeric conformation alter the glycosylation of Hp. The isoform distributions of different multimers were examined by an alternative approach, i.e. 3-D-(Native/IEF/SDS)-PAGE, which revealed differences in N-glycosylation among individual multimers of the same Hp sample. Glycomic mapping of permethylated N-glycan indicated that the assembled monomer and multimeric conformation modulate the degree of glycosylation, especially the reduction in terminal sialic acid residues on the bi-antennary glycan. Loss of the terminal sialic acid in the higher order multimers increases the number of terminal galactose residues, which may contribute to conformation of Hp. A molecular model of the glycosylated Hp multimer was constructed, suggesting that the effect of steric hindrance on multimeric formation is critical for the enlargement of the glycan moieties on either side of the monomer. In addition, N241 of Hp was partially glycosylated, even though this site is unaffected by steric consideration. Thus, the present study provides evidence for the alteration of glycan structures on different multimeric conformations of Hp, improving our knowledge of conformation-dependent function of this glycoprotein.