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1.
Yalda Liaghati Mobarhan Ronald Soong Daniel Lane Andre J. Simpson 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2020,58(5):427-444
Traditionally, due to different hardware requirements, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has developed as two separate fields: one dealing with solids, and one with solutions. Comprehensive multiphase (CMP) NMR combines all electronics and hardware (magic angle spinning [MAS], gradients, high power Radio Frequency (RF) handling, lock, susceptibility matching) into a universal probe that permits a comprehensive study of all phases (i.e., liquid, gel-like, semisolid, and solid), in intact samples. When applied in vivo, it provides unique insight into the wide array of bonds in a living system from the most mobile liquids (blood, fluids) through gels (muscle, tissues) to the most rigid (exoskeleton, shell). In this tutorial, the practical aspects of in vivo CMP NMR are discussed including: handling the organisms, rotor preparation, sample spinning, water suppression, editing experiments, and finishes with a brief look at the potential of other heteronuclei (2H, 15N, 19F, 31P) for in vivo research. The tutorial is aimed as a general resource for researchers interested in developing and applying MAS-based approaches to living organisms. Although the focus here is CMP NMR, many of the approaches can be adapted (or directly applied) using conventional high-resolution magic angle spinning, and in some cases, even standard solid-state NMR probes. 相似文献
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The electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) of D− and H− ions from condensed D2O and H2O films is investigated. Three low-energy peaks are observed in the ESD anion yield, which are identified as arising from excitation of 2B1, 2A1 and 2B2 dissociative electron attachment (DEA) resonances. Additional structure is observed between 18 and 32 eV, which may be due to ion pair formation or to DEA resonances involving the 2a1 orbital. The ion yield resulting from excitation of the 2B1 resonance increases as the film is heated. We attribute the increase in the ion yield to thermally induced hydrogen bond breaking near the surface, which enhances the lifetimes of the excited states that lead to desorption. 相似文献
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Massively parallel computational paradigms can mitigate many issues associated with the analysis of large and complex remotely sensed data sets. Recently, the Beowulf cluster has emerged as the most attractive, massively parallel architecture due to its low cost and high performance. Whereas most Beowulf designs have emphasized numerical modeling applications, the Parallel Image Processing Environment (PIPE) specifically addresses the unique requirements of remote sensing applications. Automated, parallelization of user-defined analyses is fully supported. A neural network application, applied to Along Track Scanning Radiometer-2 (ATSR-2) data shows the advantages and performance characteristics of PIPE. 相似文献
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The reaction of the cluster complex HCC[Co2(CO)6]CCo3(CO)9 with (or without) BrCCo3(CO)9 under Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling conditions gave the unusual alkynyl carboxamide complex C2H5N(H)C(O)CC[Co2(CO)6]CCo3(CO)9 rather than a coupled product containing two tricobalt cluster units. Steric demands imposed by the Co3 cluster allow attack at the least hindered alkyne carbon and stabilise the formed ynamine, so allowing subsequent CO insertion. The product has been characterised by X-ray crystallography. 相似文献
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Human serum is routinely measured for total calcium content in clinical studies. A definitive high-accuracy and low-uncertainty method is required for reference measurements to underpin medical diagnoses. This study presents a novel octopole collision cell ICP-MS, high-accuracy, methodology and comparison of that technique with double-focusing sector field ICP-MS and an ICP-OES method. Double-matched isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) was employed for ICP-MS techniques and an exact matching bracketing technique using scandium as an internal standard was used for ICP-OES analysis. Medium resolution mode was utilised for double-focusing sector field ICP-MS analysis to resolve the dominant interferences on the 44Ca/42Ca isotope pair. Hydrogen reaction gas was employed to chemically resolve a number of polyatomic interferences predominantly through charge transfer reactions in the octopole collision cell. Comparison data presented for NIST CRM 909b human serum analysis from all three techniques demonstrates highest accuracy (99.6%) and lowest uncertainty (1.1%) for octopole collision cell ICP-MS. Data from ICP-OES using a non-IDMS technique produces comparably accurate data and low-uncertainties. The much higher total expanded uncertainties for double-focusing sector field ICP-MS compared with octopole collision cell data are explained by lower precision on the measurement of the 44Ca/42Ca isotope ratio. Data for octopole collision cell ICP-MS submitted for an international blind trial comparison (CCQM K-14) demonstrated excellent agreement with the mean of all participants with a low expanded uncertainty. 相似文献
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Proteomic analysis of colonic crypts from normal, multiple intestinal neoplasia and p53-null mice: a comparison with colonic polyps 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
In order to observe cellular changes caused by mutation of the tumor suppressors, APC and p53, we have generated protein expression profiles of mouse colon epithelial cells using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Crypts, polyps and stroma were isolated from normal, multiple intestinal neoplasia (MIN) and p53-null mice, each with a C57Black/6J background, and subjected to 2-DE in two separate pH ranges (pH 3-10 and pH 6-11). No significant differences in protein expression patterns were observed between the normal, MIN and p53-null colon epithelial crypts. However, 64 proteins from the MIN polyps showed a 2-fold or greater difference in intensity that was statistically significant as assessed by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (p < or = 0.05). Of these, calreticulin, carbonic anhydrase I and a new member of the glutathione-S-transferase theta family of proteins have so far been identified using an in-gel digestion protocol coupled with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) ion-trap mass spectrometry. In addition, 38 marker proteins have been identified in a continuing effort to generate a comprehensive 2-DE database of proteins expressed by mouse colon epithelial cells (these databases are available at http://www.ludwig.edu.au/jpsl/jpslhome. html). 相似文献