Stability of a microwave heated fluid Layer

When a time harmonic electromagnetic wave impinges on a slaba certain portion of the wave creates heat within the slab throughdipolar and ohmic heating. The electrical and thermal propertiesof the material dictate the dynamical nature of the heatingprocess, as well as the steady-state temperature profile. Thematerial considered here is a slab of fluid. We consider thecase where the fluid is bounded by thin rigid layers of transparentmaterial. The steady-state heating profile governs the typesof convective motions that can occur and also affects the stabilitycharacteristics of temperature, pressure and velocity perturbationsintroduced in the slab. The main objective here is to examinesuch stability characteristics, initially in the linear regime.Both rigid-rigid and rigid-free configurations are considered.     

Polymeric FAD used as enzyme-friendly mediator in lactate detection

We present the fabrication and properties of lactate biosensors. The novel feature is the use of polymerized flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as mediator for electron transfer. The biosensors were prepared using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lactate oxidase (LOX), or baker's yeast (BY) immobilized at the surface of the electrode. The sensors using purified enzymes showed good sensitivity, linearity, and stability. The sensitivity of the BY electrodes was slightly lower. The advantages of this type of sensors are discussed in connection with potential applications.