ERYTHEMAL UV-B IRRADIANCE (ROBERTSON-BERGER SUNBURN METER DATA) UNDER OZONE DEFICIENCIES IN WINTER/SPRING 1993

Abstract –Robertson-Berger sunburn meter data recorded from August 1992 to May 1993 (Innsbruck, 577 m above sea level, Austria) were compared with measurements taken in previous years. In February and March 1993 instantaneous values on clear days were found to be higher by up to 37% than those registered in previous years (1986–1988). However, in winter/spring 1993 daily totals for all days, averaged over 7 days, were within the range of standard deviation of the previous years (1981–1988). Therefore the cumulative UV-B exposure of the ecosystem is within the general range of variability even under the record low ozone values in winter/spring 1993, while single peak doses were enhanced significantly.     

Panicutin,ein neues Alkaloid aus Aconitum paniculatum LAM. 4. Mitteilung über Aconitum

Panicutin, a New Alkaloid from Aconitum paniculatum LAM. A new diterpene alkaloid, which we named panicutine ( 2 ), was isolated from the paniculatine-containing chemovariety of Aconitum paniculatum LAM. Investigation by spectral methods showed that 2 has the formula C₂₃H₂₉N₄₄ and belongs to the hetidine ( 1 )-type alkaloids. It has one acetoxy group at C(2) and one carbonyl group each at C (6) and C (11).     

Nonlinear optical properties of iodoform complexes

Measurements of the electrooptic effect and of second harmonic generation (SHG) on three complexes of iodoform are presented. In these organic compounds the electrooptic effect and the sHG are strongly correlated and attributed to a purely electronic origin. The complexes of iodoform with sulphur and quinoline respectively, have a very similar crystal structure but display markedly different optical nonlinearities. Even higher optical nonlinear effects comparable to those in the best inorganic compounds are observed in the iodoform/tetramine complex.Dedicated to Professor Harry Thomas on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

The structure of the aconite alkaloid paniculatine

Based on the analysis of UV-, M- and NMR-spectra we established structure ($\text{1}$) for paniculatine, showing an atisine type skeleton, which is 1β, 2β-diacetoxy, 11α-hydroxy, 13β-benzoyloxy substituted and which, like hetisine, has C(20)?C(14) and NC(6) bonds.     

ERYTHEMAL UV-B IRRADIANCE (ROBERTSON-BERGER SUNBURN METER DATA) UNDER OZONE DEFICIENCIES IN WINTER/SPRING 1993

Abstract: Robertson-Berger sunburn meter data recorded from August 1992 to May 1993 (Innsbruck, 577 m above sea level, Austria) were compared with measurements taken in previous years. In February and March 1993 instantaneous values on clear days were found to be higher by up to 37% than those registered in previous years (1986–1988). However, in winter/spring 1993 daily totals for all days, averaged over 7 days, were within the range of standard deviation of the previous years (1981–1988). Therefore the cumulative UV-B exposure of the ecosystem is within the general range of variability even under the record low ozone values in winter/spring 1993, while single peak doses were enhanced significantly.     

Attenuation of Erythemal Effective Irradiance by Cloudiness at Low and High Altitude in the Alpine Region

Abstract— The transmittance of cloudiness was examined for the daily totals of global erythemal effective irradiance and global total irradiance in Innsbruck (577 m above sea level [a.s.l.], Western Austria) for the periods 1981-1988 and 1993-1994 and at Jungfraujoch (3576 m a.s.l., Switzerland) for the period 1981-1990. The influence of varying cloudiness on the daily totals of global erythemal effective irradiance is considerably greater than the influence of varying ozone. The lowest transmittance for daily totals of global erythemal effective irradiance is 9.4% in Innsbruck (577 m a.s.l.) and 23.5% at Jungfraujoch (3576 m a.s.l.); the median and the 25-75 percentile range at 10/10 cloudiness are 41.8% (28.9-56.7%) and 76.8% (63.5-86.1%), respectively. The greater transmittance of global erythemal effective irradiance at Jungfraujoch originates from smaller thickness of the cloud layer in high mountains than in valleys. Similar transmittances were obtained for the daily totals of global total irradiance (300-3000 nm) as a function of cloudiness.